{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:1996:XZSS5H5OL725LE7TNDXYWDISHW","short_pith_number":"pith:XZSS5H5O","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"quant-ph/9612028","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"1996-12-08T23:37:43Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"de9fe11d31b8b57edc10ea24580d3304eccc855486d4c363c3dc1ed5a8b52109","abstract_canon_sha256":"a03a7053cb9cf438208501aee3fa00f413e67729c79aa25d48ef9babd67ec51e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"be652e9fae5ff5d593f368ef8b0d123dae627e507f991f4596b216d9277c0792","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"quant-ph/9612028","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"quant-ph/9612028","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:08:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"quant-ph/9612028v2","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:08:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.quant-ph/9612028","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:08:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"XZSS5H5OL725","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:08:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"XZSS5H5OL725LE7T","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:08:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"XZSS5H5O","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:08:20Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:1996:XZSS5H5OL725LE7TNDXYWDISHW","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"quant-ph/9612028","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"1996-12-08T23:37:43Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"de9fe11d31b8b57edc10ea24580d3304eccc855486d4c363c3dc1ed5a8b52109","abstract_canon_sha256":"a03a7053cb9cf438208501aee3fa00f413e67729c79aa25d48ef9babd67ec51e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"be652e9fae5ff5d593f368ef8b0d123dae627e507f991f4596b216d9277c0792","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-04T15:08:20.441731Z","signature_b64":"686OxWFG8gHhcIBCsRiMpD/epsSA0l2LKtmkU+y1zkbOUGnfRPHJOfLoxzDHJSp7Xs02HqZWk4W2DQO3qNPcCQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"be652e9fae5ff5d593f368ef8b0d123dae627e507f991f4596b216d9277c0792","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T15:08:20.441323Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T15:08:20.441323Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"quant-ph/9612028","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-04T15:08:20Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"zicGYlttRwIH1X2WQ5cGdxEh68uHvmql79p0e70Zs9IiZQWdLZAsAFc9osxHCJA7DM63/DgsIDsvEMfpOo9jCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-02T12:45:16.320268Z"},"content_sha256":"5fd3e6dd3c8775f82c6b84b41046a599ac11879c28cec1c35e3e1bf75c1e379a","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:5fd3e6dd3c8775f82c6b84b41046a599ac11879c28cec1c35e3e1bf75c1e379a"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:1996:XZSS5H5OL725LE7TNDXYWDISHW","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Threshold Estimate for Fault Tolerant Quantum Computation","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"quant-ph","authors_text":"Christof Zalka (T-6 LANL)","submitted_at":"1996-12-08T23:37:43Z","abstract_excerpt":"I make a rough estimate of the accuracy threshold for fault tolerant quantum computing with concatenated codes. First I consider only gate errors and use the depolarizing channel error model. I will follow P.Shor (quant-ph/9505011) for fault tolerant error correction (FTEC) and the fault tolerant implementation of elementary operations on states encoded by the 7-qubit code. A simple computer simulation suggests a threshold for gate errors of the order \\epsilon \\approx 10^{-3} or better. I also give a simple argument that the threshold for memory errors is about 10 times smaller, thus \\epsilon "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"quant-ph/9612028","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/quant-ph/9612028/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-04T15:08:20Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Pkaenkt3E5rXKXa1Zle2xwvHjCDVFsvhG16WpVikrERH5QTWNbx1epGR7fcdFVEJ6D8iA4xvSMBDhoWZmrCAAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-02T12:45:16.320892Z"},"content_sha256":"e0d61c24018b65f5036a79d41d95f21cc571103b3c39bfa839bc449fb01a76a3","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:e0d61c24018b65f5036a79d41d95f21cc571103b3c39bfa839bc449fb01a76a3"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/XZSS5H5OL725LE7TNDXYWDISHW/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/XZSS5H5OL725LE7TNDXYWDISHW/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/XZSS5H5OL725LE7TNDXYWDISHW/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-02T12:45:16Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/XZSS5H5OL725LE7TNDXYWDISHW","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/XZSS5H5OL725LE7TNDXYWDISHW/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/XZSS5H5OL725LE7TNDXYWDISHW/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/XZSS5H5OL725LE7TNDXYWDISHW/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:1996:XZSS5H5OL725LE7TNDXYWDISHW","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"a03a7053cb9cf438208501aee3fa00f413e67729c79aa25d48ef9babd67ec51e","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"1996-12-08T23:37:43Z","title_canon_sha256":"de9fe11d31b8b57edc10ea24580d3304eccc855486d4c363c3dc1ed5a8b52109"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"quant-ph/9612028","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"quant-ph/9612028","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:08:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"quant-ph/9612028v2","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:08:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.quant-ph/9612028","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:08:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"XZSS5H5OL725","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:08:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"XZSS5H5OL725LE7T","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:08:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"XZSS5H5O","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:08:20Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:e0d61c24018b65f5036a79d41d95f21cc571103b3c39bfa839bc449fb01a76a3","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:08:20Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/quant-ph/9612028/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"I make a rough estimate of the accuracy threshold for fault tolerant quantum computing with concatenated codes. First I consider only gate errors and use the depolarizing channel error model. I will follow P.Shor (quant-ph/9505011) for fault tolerant error correction (FTEC) and the fault tolerant implementation of elementary operations on states encoded by the 7-qubit code. A simple computer simulation suggests a threshold for gate errors of the order \\epsilon \\approx 10^{-3} or better. I also give a simple argument that the threshold for memory errors is about 10 times smaller, thus \\epsilon ","authors_text":"Christof Zalka (T-6 LANL)","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"1996-12-08T23:37:43Z","title":"Threshold Estimate for Fault Tolerant Quantum Computation"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"quant-ph/9612028","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:5fd3e6dd3c8775f82c6b84b41046a599ac11879c28cec1c35e3e1bf75c1e379a","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:08:20Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"a03a7053cb9cf438208501aee3fa00f413e67729c79aa25d48ef9babd67ec51e","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"1996-12-08T23:37:43Z","title_canon_sha256":"de9fe11d31b8b57edc10ea24580d3304eccc855486d4c363c3dc1ed5a8b52109"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"quant-ph/9612028","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"be652e9fae5ff5d593f368ef8b0d123dae627e507f991f4596b216d9277c0792","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"be652e9fae5ff5d593f368ef8b0d123dae627e507f991f4596b216d9277c0792","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T15:08:20.441323Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T15:08:20.441323Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"686OxWFG8gHhcIBCsRiMpD/epsSA0l2LKtmkU+y1zkbOUGnfRPHJOfLoxzDHJSp7Xs02HqZWk4W2DQO3qNPcCQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-04T15:08:20.441731Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"quant-ph/9612028","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:5fd3e6dd3c8775f82c6b84b41046a599ac11879c28cec1c35e3e1bf75c1e379a","sha256:e0d61c24018b65f5036a79d41d95f21cc571103b3c39bfa839bc449fb01a76a3"],"state_sha256":"71fb2a31dd1ad8902541663358d3e9d22027744193a6943a2430bb87c453a489"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"W2S3ag7Tspo2xCIiIHOW/1I5sdt/qw97kUqFCUx+ZsAr/ueIoOX2JUbGqIkpLH9WD+NLkdgyXmWlEU3lqnGNDQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-02T12:45:16.324102Z","bundle_sha256":"c9fa42941dd450a8f48ea0e7c0a32730c03d8fc79a9c61b7cb35b32fddee9da0"}}