{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:Y34V44FNVIDX6L3YOCFFCAZAMC","short_pith_number":"pith:Y34V44FN","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2008.06549","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SI","submitted_at":"2020-08-14T19:17:56Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.soc-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"8403103a6567d15337bc8c1c676e7c0a9e6a591facd73b2a9f1b8d594f0cb2d6","abstract_canon_sha256":"08d52c4f58d6af9ac5f35563ca7da673500081dfad1465de17b653593cc84428"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"c6f95e70adaa077f2f78708a51032060b3f353a606476370a5ffebd866ece828","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2008.06549","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2008.06549","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:30:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2008.06549v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:30:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2008.06549","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:30:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"Y34V44FNVIDX","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:30:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"Y34V44FNVIDX6L3Y","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:30:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"Y34V44FN","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:30:12Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:Y34V44FNVIDX6L3YOCFFCAZAMC","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2008.06549","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SI","submitted_at":"2020-08-14T19:17:56Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.soc-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"8403103a6567d15337bc8c1c676e7c0a9e6a591facd73b2a9f1b8d594f0cb2d6","abstract_canon_sha256":"08d52c4f58d6af9ac5f35563ca7da673500081dfad1465de17b653593cc84428"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"c6f95e70adaa077f2f78708a51032060b3f353a606476370a5ffebd866ece828","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:30:12.982959Z","signature_b64":"v+oxTKso7Jm2aq6tAj1Zrs/EOdfNldPIBk/O+dk93BXLeW2kwNo1qwRxqKWE/6TV3R8m/Ob2TR1ayjGIUPjzCQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"c6f95e70adaa077f2f78708a51032060b3f353a606476370a5ffebd866ece828","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:30:12.982474Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:30:12.982474Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2008.06549","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:30:12Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"OfcPpaoVjdgPY5qcfGhaddzOtfaHOQqbOVwnrmQnfy0dr+9IQVah7NQXcSh9mIl6oroqNxnepTPhBUrrGW5TBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-13T04:23:34.731850Z"},"content_sha256":"cac1ddd6f8dedb870f14fa29c71914ff6d1ba3bcae1f9f7bf001f81b76c5b410","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:cac1ddd6f8dedb870f14fa29c71914ff6d1ba3bcae1f9f7bf001f81b76c5b410"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:Y34V44FNVIDX6L3YOCFFCAZAMC","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Heterogeneous Interventions Reduce the Spread of COVID-19 in Simulations on Real Mobility Data","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["physics.soc-ph"],"primary_cat":"cs.SI","authors_text":"Abhirup Ghosh, Haotian Wang, Jiaxin Ding, Jie Gao, Rik Sarkar","submitted_at":"2020-08-14T19:17:56Z","abstract_excerpt":"Major interventions have been introduced worldwide to slow down the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Large-scale lockdowns of human movements are effective in reducing the spread, but they come at a cost of significantly limited societal functions. We show that natural human movements are statistically diverse, and the spread of the disease is significantly influenced by a small group of active individuals and gathering venues. We find that interventions focused on these most mobile individuals and popular venues reduce both the peak infection rate and the total infected population while retain"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2008.06549","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2008.06549/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:30:12Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Wm+es/UvLgdrCyQXoQMLrsC7rTWImmerm1NngBJZsSovNEwk7QRV7lJ64lXeZ/WrQSwzGukERSlqLTYWeoAKBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-13T04:23:34.732240Z"},"content_sha256":"1bd4c5f53a85ba9ce33c4ab625c4c0c4ce4333b7e328435e1b21dc9897a9eed8","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:1bd4c5f53a85ba9ce33c4ab625c4c0c4ce4333b7e328435e1b21dc9897a9eed8"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/Y34V44FNVIDX6L3YOCFFCAZAMC/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/Y34V44FNVIDX6L3YOCFFCAZAMC/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/Y34V44FNVIDX6L3YOCFFCAZAMC/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-13T04:23:34Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/Y34V44FNVIDX6L3YOCFFCAZAMC","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/Y34V44FNVIDX6L3YOCFFCAZAMC/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/Y34V44FNVIDX6L3YOCFFCAZAMC/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/Y34V44FNVIDX6L3YOCFFCAZAMC/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:Y34V44FNVIDX6L3YOCFFCAZAMC","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"08d52c4f58d6af9ac5f35563ca7da673500081dfad1465de17b653593cc84428","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.soc-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SI","submitted_at":"2020-08-14T19:17:56Z","title_canon_sha256":"8403103a6567d15337bc8c1c676e7c0a9e6a591facd73b2a9f1b8d594f0cb2d6"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2008.06549","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2008.06549","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:30:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2008.06549v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:30:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2008.06549","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:30:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"Y34V44FNVIDX","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:30:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"Y34V44FNVIDX6L3Y","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:30:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"Y34V44FN","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:30:12Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:1bd4c5f53a85ba9ce33c4ab625c4c0c4ce4333b7e328435e1b21dc9897a9eed8","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:30:12Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2008.06549/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Major interventions have been introduced worldwide to slow down the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Large-scale lockdowns of human movements are effective in reducing the spread, but they come at a cost of significantly limited societal functions. We show that natural human movements are statistically diverse, and the spread of the disease is significantly influenced by a small group of active individuals and gathering venues. We find that interventions focused on these most mobile individuals and popular venues reduce both the peak infection rate and the total infected population while retain","authors_text":"Abhirup Ghosh, Haotian Wang, Jiaxin Ding, Jie Gao, Rik Sarkar","cross_cats":["physics.soc-ph"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SI","submitted_at":"2020-08-14T19:17:56Z","title":"Heterogeneous Interventions Reduce the Spread of COVID-19 in Simulations on Real Mobility Data"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2008.06549","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:cac1ddd6f8dedb870f14fa29c71914ff6d1ba3bcae1f9f7bf001f81b76c5b410","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:30:12Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"08d52c4f58d6af9ac5f35563ca7da673500081dfad1465de17b653593cc84428","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.soc-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SI","submitted_at":"2020-08-14T19:17:56Z","title_canon_sha256":"8403103a6567d15337bc8c1c676e7c0a9e6a591facd73b2a9f1b8d594f0cb2d6"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2008.06549","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"c6f95e70adaa077f2f78708a51032060b3f353a606476370a5ffebd866ece828","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"c6f95e70adaa077f2f78708a51032060b3f353a606476370a5ffebd866ece828","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:30:12.982474Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:30:12.982474Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"v+oxTKso7Jm2aq6tAj1Zrs/EOdfNldPIBk/O+dk93BXLeW2kwNo1qwRxqKWE/6TV3R8m/Ob2TR1ayjGIUPjzCQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:30:12.982959Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2008.06549","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:cac1ddd6f8dedb870f14fa29c71914ff6d1ba3bcae1f9f7bf001f81b76c5b410","sha256:1bd4c5f53a85ba9ce33c4ab625c4c0c4ce4333b7e328435e1b21dc9897a9eed8"],"state_sha256":"268f20fc07f73877d95ff2f85cf80a21599328573731e58e2745c47ef758f42a"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"7ztFYPl2imapFJg97Xd51PQNAFqPwy6IuFxdz+N9nq3Ee8QUGbEoAHsLWFcsA8dNtxldiZamlLbGrhZfSQJtCg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-13T04:23:34.734718Z","bundle_sha256":"cce6f7ea9820a7d46895b2217ea1161d92a3131d775b4562f7f7d5d28a690e82"}}