{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:Y3G5NQHVIE3HKFDGPLWZUSDQPK","short_pith_number":"pith:Y3G5NQHV","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2205.15172","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2022-05-30T15:21:26Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"ee89b3dc3d12530589cdc198f0fdbee77426902334f48717151478d323e15a24","abstract_canon_sha256":"9843d05e07b6c96ae44ab7fb149854994b8faf24f903de39c1c86cf8ed2980e2"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"c6cdd6c0f541367514667aed9a48707ab258cf36387d02d7c930597fad779f7a","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2205.15172","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2205.15172","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:27:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2205.15172v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:27:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2205.15172","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:27:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"Y3G5NQHVIE3H","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:27:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"Y3G5NQHVIE3HKFDG","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:27:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"Y3G5NQHV","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:27:25Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:Y3G5NQHVIE3HKFDGPLWZUSDQPK","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2205.15172","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2022-05-30T15:21:26Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"ee89b3dc3d12530589cdc198f0fdbee77426902334f48717151478d323e15a24","abstract_canon_sha256":"9843d05e07b6c96ae44ab7fb149854994b8faf24f903de39c1c86cf8ed2980e2"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"c6cdd6c0f541367514667aed9a48707ab258cf36387d02d7c930597fad779f7a","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T04:27:25.316795Z","signature_b64":"RaSo5q7hl+Wcvn3VFw0GTm55+kXR+tiY9r36EJHKURW5F47Jl8hj6SFm36hlQ1hdVEooExETWrPLT7OpQ5j8BQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"c6cdd6c0f541367514667aed9a48707ab258cf36387d02d7c930597fad779f7a","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T04:27:25.316155Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T04:27:25.316155Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2205.15172","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T04:27:25Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"T4vtDKYEdsZ0rfwiWP6KzuVLUtYyL/2gRW8GHLJA2/3t4ls0Qv4rXeymeL7OpS6qUqE4VENTGsB22XlhifN6AA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-22T01:22:39.933517Z"},"content_sha256":"4855b0b5c846010669f16b6fcf53e2adc321e93bd1c2adddee664024f7c75c55","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:4855b0b5c846010669f16b6fcf53e2adc321e93bd1c2adddee664024f7c75c55"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:Y3G5NQHVIE3HKFDGPLWZUSDQPK","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Billions of Parameters Are Worth More Than In-domain Training Data: A case study in the Legal Case Entailment Task","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Guilherme Moraes Rosa, Hugo Abonizio, Luiz Bonifacio, Roberto Lotufo, Rodrigo Nogueira, Vitor Jeronymo","submitted_at":"2022-05-30T15:21:26Z","abstract_excerpt":"Recent work has shown that language models scaled to billions of parameters, such as GPT-3, perform remarkably well in zero-shot and few-shot scenarios. In this work, we experiment with zero-shot models in the legal case entailment task of the COLIEE 2022 competition. Our experiments show that scaling the number of parameters in a language model improves the F1 score of our previous zero-shot result by more than 6 points, suggesting that stronger zero-shot capability may be a characteristic of larger models, at least for this task. Our 3B-parameter zero-shot model outperforms all models, inclu"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2205.15172","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2205.15172/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T04:27:25Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"WoheYMVkg35uVlaMex+puDS+d3UHFyJtjIhct/9N3M7oUhEc2nwZaAWyCckouDzUpbjgAbdAL2crhFFPcXxMDQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-22T01:22:39.934483Z"},"content_sha256":"680cae6478e7f14d427c7e1d837dd078e5511947cea3f71e6dfb025f16f5a82f","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:680cae6478e7f14d427c7e1d837dd078e5511947cea3f71e6dfb025f16f5a82f"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/Y3G5NQHVIE3HKFDGPLWZUSDQPK/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/Y3G5NQHVIE3HKFDGPLWZUSDQPK/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/Y3G5NQHVIE3HKFDGPLWZUSDQPK/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-22T01:22:39Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/Y3G5NQHVIE3HKFDGPLWZUSDQPK","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/Y3G5NQHVIE3HKFDGPLWZUSDQPK/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/Y3G5NQHVIE3HKFDGPLWZUSDQPK/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/Y3G5NQHVIE3HKFDGPLWZUSDQPK/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:Y3G5NQHVIE3HKFDGPLWZUSDQPK","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"9843d05e07b6c96ae44ab7fb149854994b8faf24f903de39c1c86cf8ed2980e2","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2022-05-30T15:21:26Z","title_canon_sha256":"ee89b3dc3d12530589cdc198f0fdbee77426902334f48717151478d323e15a24"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2205.15172","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2205.15172","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:27:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2205.15172v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:27:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2205.15172","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:27:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"Y3G5NQHVIE3H","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:27:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"Y3G5NQHVIE3HKFDG","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:27:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"Y3G5NQHV","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:27:25Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:680cae6478e7f14d427c7e1d837dd078e5511947cea3f71e6dfb025f16f5a82f","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:27:25Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2205.15172/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Recent work has shown that language models scaled to billions of parameters, such as GPT-3, perform remarkably well in zero-shot and few-shot scenarios. In this work, we experiment with zero-shot models in the legal case entailment task of the COLIEE 2022 competition. Our experiments show that scaling the number of parameters in a language model improves the F1 score of our previous zero-shot result by more than 6 points, suggesting that stronger zero-shot capability may be a characteristic of larger models, at least for this task. Our 3B-parameter zero-shot model outperforms all models, inclu","authors_text":"Guilherme Moraes Rosa, Hugo Abonizio, Luiz Bonifacio, Roberto Lotufo, Rodrigo Nogueira, Vitor Jeronymo","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2022-05-30T15:21:26Z","title":"Billions of Parameters Are Worth More Than In-domain Training Data: A case study in the Legal Case Entailment Task"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2205.15172","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:4855b0b5c846010669f16b6fcf53e2adc321e93bd1c2adddee664024f7c75c55","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:27:25Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"9843d05e07b6c96ae44ab7fb149854994b8faf24f903de39c1c86cf8ed2980e2","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2022-05-30T15:21:26Z","title_canon_sha256":"ee89b3dc3d12530589cdc198f0fdbee77426902334f48717151478d323e15a24"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2205.15172","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"c6cdd6c0f541367514667aed9a48707ab258cf36387d02d7c930597fad779f7a","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"c6cdd6c0f541367514667aed9a48707ab258cf36387d02d7c930597fad779f7a","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T04:27:25.316155Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T04:27:25.316155Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"RaSo5q7hl+Wcvn3VFw0GTm55+kXR+tiY9r36EJHKURW5F47Jl8hj6SFm36hlQ1hdVEooExETWrPLT7OpQ5j8BQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T04:27:25.316795Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2205.15172","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:4855b0b5c846010669f16b6fcf53e2adc321e93bd1c2adddee664024f7c75c55","sha256:680cae6478e7f14d427c7e1d837dd078e5511947cea3f71e6dfb025f16f5a82f"],"state_sha256":"287376d9df955915351bd0b6cd4810c8258eaa2b82e0e88ebc53835587935c31"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"AMkn22E3rImsphcToJN87m91maawlGMWZwaHPPU/WP3882cv85+n4x7J2Q9nJJX1kjQAIhIy9vFJ1U8SkqZyAw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-22T01:22:39.941213Z","bundle_sha256":"8a54087c22be8f10e98982d4fa0bc2672113daef21a9c8e28efe5164acbbfc0c"}}