{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:Y6FBHRV5343ARMLZ7QVI45RNRY","short_pith_number":"pith:Y6FBHRV5","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1204.2283","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2012-04-10T20:56:00Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"8211716821a629b98ce9432aefc0ccbc0bae8defc2114ee98842f1a05c3ff019","abstract_canon_sha256":"535d97a931fc5c5a2620d771d7d9f15489b3f643a42bafb773a3d58d2c13cf66"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"c78a13c6bddf3608b179fc2a8e762d8e1a43d0cc005aee56df038ab1a5b5677b","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1204.2283","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1204.2283","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:17:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1204.2283v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:17:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1204.2283","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:17:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"Y6FBHRV5343A","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"Y6FBHRV5343ARMLZ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"Y6FBHRV5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:27Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:Y6FBHRV5343ARMLZ7QVI45RNRY","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1204.2283","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2012-04-10T20:56:00Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"8211716821a629b98ce9432aefc0ccbc0bae8defc2114ee98842f1a05c3ff019","abstract_canon_sha256":"535d97a931fc5c5a2620d771d7d9f15489b3f643a42bafb773a3d58d2c13cf66"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"c78a13c6bddf3608b179fc2a8e762d8e1a43d0cc005aee56df038ab1a5b5677b","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:17:21.194094Z","signature_b64":"2SnHBINPpwag+xbLIRzPoe7YE49iv30bgWr+itHw4hgQ7yYAroYoVy/NR84jTrqtZjH6Tj9csrd42JMnh0cuBw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"c78a13c6bddf3608b179fc2a8e762d8e1a43d0cc005aee56df038ab1a5b5677b","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:17:21.193520Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:17:21.193520Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1204.2283","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:17:21Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"6YdMuRA37mcm6Ts/mTnRAkFAf/fdsFgvXw7nsCMY1qeaOyts0PcrRg7nwE2lLAQnPJ16xR1B1eO7Icskp1maCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-01T17:58:25.311192Z"},"content_sha256":"a4e2fda85cda6decc2ea82b331cf965de5ce66495ca6324a893b70edff4bacf3","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a4e2fda85cda6decc2ea82b331cf965de5ce66495ca6324a893b70edff4bacf3"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:Y6FBHRV5343ARMLZ7QVI45RNRY","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Reconciliation of generalized refraction with diffraction theory","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.optics","authors_text":"David R. Smith, St\\'ephane Larouche","submitted_at":"2012-04-10T20:56:00Z","abstract_excerpt":"When an electromagnetic wave is obliquely incident on the interface between two homogeneous media with different refractive indices, the requirement of phase continuity across the interface generally leads to a shift in the trajectory of the wave. When a linearly position dependent phase shift is imposed at the interface, the resulting refraction may be described using a generalized version of Snell's law. In this Letter, we establish a formal equivalence between generalized refraction and blazed diffraction gratings, further discussing the relative merits of the two approaches."},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1204.2283","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:17:21Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"DhleYj/YEehOdcfDTLNdRixpIkTaB2SKXRccTueF2wFgNq8awB2powtKOq5+k5O7LdgBnLoOQLZIRZM5S8RRBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-01T17:58:25.311542Z"},"content_sha256":"f234efe496c1e5b6d72fd3541a436c61fe50d9bd888aec5d12adb33d7ca830d5","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:f234efe496c1e5b6d72fd3541a436c61fe50d9bd888aec5d12adb33d7ca830d5"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/Y6FBHRV5343ARMLZ7QVI45RNRY/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/Y6FBHRV5343ARMLZ7QVI45RNRY/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/Y6FBHRV5343ARMLZ7QVI45RNRY/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-01T17:58:25Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/Y6FBHRV5343ARMLZ7QVI45RNRY","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/Y6FBHRV5343ARMLZ7QVI45RNRY/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/Y6FBHRV5343ARMLZ7QVI45RNRY/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/Y6FBHRV5343ARMLZ7QVI45RNRY/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:Y6FBHRV5343ARMLZ7QVI45RNRY","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"535d97a931fc5c5a2620d771d7d9f15489b3f643a42bafb773a3d58d2c13cf66","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2012-04-10T20:56:00Z","title_canon_sha256":"8211716821a629b98ce9432aefc0ccbc0bae8defc2114ee98842f1a05c3ff019"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1204.2283","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1204.2283","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:17:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1204.2283v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:17:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1204.2283","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:17:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"Y6FBHRV5343A","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"Y6FBHRV5343ARMLZ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"Y6FBHRV5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:27Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:f234efe496c1e5b6d72fd3541a436c61fe50d9bd888aec5d12adb33d7ca830d5","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:17:21Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"When an electromagnetic wave is obliquely incident on the interface between two homogeneous media with different refractive indices, the requirement of phase continuity across the interface generally leads to a shift in the trajectory of the wave. When a linearly position dependent phase shift is imposed at the interface, the resulting refraction may be described using a generalized version of Snell's law. In this Letter, we establish a formal equivalence between generalized refraction and blazed diffraction gratings, further discussing the relative merits of the two approaches.","authors_text":"David R. Smith, St\\'ephane Larouche","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2012-04-10T20:56:00Z","title":"Reconciliation of generalized refraction with diffraction theory"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1204.2283","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:a4e2fda85cda6decc2ea82b331cf965de5ce66495ca6324a893b70edff4bacf3","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:17:21Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"535d97a931fc5c5a2620d771d7d9f15489b3f643a42bafb773a3d58d2c13cf66","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2012-04-10T20:56:00Z","title_canon_sha256":"8211716821a629b98ce9432aefc0ccbc0bae8defc2114ee98842f1a05c3ff019"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1204.2283","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"c78a13c6bddf3608b179fc2a8e762d8e1a43d0cc005aee56df038ab1a5b5677b","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"c78a13c6bddf3608b179fc2a8e762d8e1a43d0cc005aee56df038ab1a5b5677b","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:17:21.193520Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:17:21.193520Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"2SnHBINPpwag+xbLIRzPoe7YE49iv30bgWr+itHw4hgQ7yYAroYoVy/NR84jTrqtZjH6Tj9csrd42JMnh0cuBw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:17:21.194094Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1204.2283","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:a4e2fda85cda6decc2ea82b331cf965de5ce66495ca6324a893b70edff4bacf3","sha256:f234efe496c1e5b6d72fd3541a436c61fe50d9bd888aec5d12adb33d7ca830d5"],"state_sha256":"14b2ff15ea478a5fd991bcb6185b55384ca8266e3887b3e554bcb2e274976737"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"tpfQhc6hEwDolsC94zd0xtlkbmxZlxofoJin2vVEMBJpMhvmUkyL+4WOdF10DOQ3wrpybgl+0BEiK8iJyTz1Dg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-01T17:58:25.313458Z","bundle_sha256":"210c0afb84e2f8b8e98d32e9f6fbc9dd2967f43b297ed37c849d508e9879583f"}}