{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:Y6VYTDKP3BPJBDG7ELXGVEQYM6","short_pith_number":"pith:Y6VYTDKP","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1207.1406","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2012-07-04T16:20:45Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"166dca79169481d2f0bf0fe54093cba80087221782c0b846a87068e8dd62d9f5","abstract_canon_sha256":"dc1e4a2df86423d1aa737024d73551f8db7db1699c36bddca5b41946fa1dd978"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"c7ab898d4fd85e908cdf22ee6a9218679a302c7c6f8e7d17933fdaa750071db7","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1207.1406","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1207.1406","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:51:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1207.1406v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:51:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1207.1406","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:51:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"Y6VYTDKP3BPJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"Y6VYTDKP3BPJBDG7","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"Y6VYTDKP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:27Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:Y6VYTDKP3BPJBDG7ELXGVEQYM6","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1207.1406","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2012-07-04T16:20:45Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"166dca79169481d2f0bf0fe54093cba80087221782c0b846a87068e8dd62d9f5","abstract_canon_sha256":"dc1e4a2df86423d1aa737024d73551f8db7db1699c36bddca5b41946fa1dd978"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"c7ab898d4fd85e908cdf22ee6a9218679a302c7c6f8e7d17933fdaa750071db7","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:51:37.248129Z","signature_b64":"jlNQ2JEH6I+RtFCV7j01bEFOwKUVCF7zggF5OxRhQ9f8y3j+oNBIgm5U1Ipj1w19R/EVVbckPb9wKNJGypKKDg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"c7ab898d4fd85e908cdf22ee6a9218679a302c7c6f8e7d17933fdaa750071db7","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:51:37.247464Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:51:37.247464Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1207.1406","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:51:37Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"7rLK0e+N3HB33LasawGiwYW8F5FsXbKqJDSfQ3b5zFvD0iZVnXCB6s+ZqJUFc2gpkvUVTajO43OFeHc7idQ4Dg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-06T22:40:57.820877Z"},"content_sha256":"0caa9fbfa77d02f46a2a4e2861983c75332d064557e751971b13863ad0e9a04e","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:0caa9fbfa77d02f46a2a4e2861983c75332d064557e751971b13863ad0e9a04e"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:Y6VYTDKP3BPJBDG7ELXGVEQYM6","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"A Conditional Random Field for Discriminatively-trained Finite-state String Edit Distance","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Andrew McCallum, Fernando Pereira, Kedar Bellare","submitted_at":"2012-07-04T16:20:45Z","abstract_excerpt":"The need to measure sequence similarity arises in information extraction, object identity, data mining, biological sequence analysis, and other domains. This paper presents discriminative string-edit CRFs, a finitestate conditional random field model for edit sequences between strings. Conditional random fields have advantages over generative approaches to this problem, such as pair HMMs or the work of Ristad and Yianilos, because as conditionally-trained methods, they enable the use of complex, arbitrary actions and features of the input strings. As in generative models, the training data doe"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1207.1406","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:51:37Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"iafYWK9/5WuAmf95HJKmA7OeZ0NxqgYRg4TuXpkkiccOwBcxd3+HIK2nIVpQXaE+PAAwP2YCyTguEP52MJH9Dg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-06T22:40:57.821571Z"},"content_sha256":"826da5074fead0467dc49f16fb5bf3f58a318d47367a512695793725cab22894","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:826da5074fead0467dc49f16fb5bf3f58a318d47367a512695793725cab22894"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/Y6VYTDKP3BPJBDG7ELXGVEQYM6/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/Y6VYTDKP3BPJBDG7ELXGVEQYM6/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/Y6VYTDKP3BPJBDG7ELXGVEQYM6/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-06T22:40:57Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/Y6VYTDKP3BPJBDG7ELXGVEQYM6","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/Y6VYTDKP3BPJBDG7ELXGVEQYM6/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/Y6VYTDKP3BPJBDG7ELXGVEQYM6/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/Y6VYTDKP3BPJBDG7ELXGVEQYM6/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:Y6VYTDKP3BPJBDG7ELXGVEQYM6","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"dc1e4a2df86423d1aa737024d73551f8db7db1699c36bddca5b41946fa1dd978","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2012-07-04T16:20:45Z","title_canon_sha256":"166dca79169481d2f0bf0fe54093cba80087221782c0b846a87068e8dd62d9f5"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1207.1406","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1207.1406","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:51:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1207.1406v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:51:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1207.1406","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:51:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"Y6VYTDKP3BPJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"Y6VYTDKP3BPJBDG7","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"Y6VYTDKP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:27Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:826da5074fead0467dc49f16fb5bf3f58a318d47367a512695793725cab22894","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:51:37Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The need to measure sequence similarity arises in information extraction, object identity, data mining, biological sequence analysis, and other domains. This paper presents discriminative string-edit CRFs, a finitestate conditional random field model for edit sequences between strings. Conditional random fields have advantages over generative approaches to this problem, such as pair HMMs or the work of Ristad and Yianilos, because as conditionally-trained methods, they enable the use of complex, arbitrary actions and features of the input strings. As in generative models, the training data doe","authors_text":"Andrew McCallum, Fernando Pereira, Kedar Bellare","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2012-07-04T16:20:45Z","title":"A Conditional Random Field for Discriminatively-trained Finite-state String Edit Distance"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1207.1406","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:0caa9fbfa77d02f46a2a4e2861983c75332d064557e751971b13863ad0e9a04e","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:51:37Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"dc1e4a2df86423d1aa737024d73551f8db7db1699c36bddca5b41946fa1dd978","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2012-07-04T16:20:45Z","title_canon_sha256":"166dca79169481d2f0bf0fe54093cba80087221782c0b846a87068e8dd62d9f5"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1207.1406","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"c7ab898d4fd85e908cdf22ee6a9218679a302c7c6f8e7d17933fdaa750071db7","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"c7ab898d4fd85e908cdf22ee6a9218679a302c7c6f8e7d17933fdaa750071db7","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:51:37.247464Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:51:37.247464Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"jlNQ2JEH6I+RtFCV7j01bEFOwKUVCF7zggF5OxRhQ9f8y3j+oNBIgm5U1Ipj1w19R/EVVbckPb9wKNJGypKKDg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:51:37.248129Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1207.1406","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:0caa9fbfa77d02f46a2a4e2861983c75332d064557e751971b13863ad0e9a04e","sha256:826da5074fead0467dc49f16fb5bf3f58a318d47367a512695793725cab22894"],"state_sha256":"8e9340adf1943cf19072492e97f7de3acf12c1d7481b9fd99034103d7afa8abc"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"R92ULmI5EiaXFGX8sUm40XhqWidStNlDO6C91Gwo7qD9F9oHyOZM9o2+UaXnoLJrJ44LoY/Y5enywZvw3Y2vCg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-06T22:40:57.825289Z","bundle_sha256":"387f3928ebb9b370516bed5636020cd9ad98495d8cf7628a457af77abe6d8d6e"}}