{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:Y7HHU56OZQ3BFDOZ3ZSADTOKFB","short_pith_number":"pith:Y7HHU56O","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2104.02623","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2021-04-06T16:00:15Z","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc"],"title_canon_sha256":"bc2b56fd6f28179af612587e4b932f7f36d9d1d4684191b2bf3856c34aa4b56b","abstract_canon_sha256":"fd0b043e2960238b17fa577bf28d6ed1d68a6b91ec83127ab78fb552255acddc"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"c7ce7a77cecc36128dd9de6401cdca285617769b22603d3ef951211c95d32a3b","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2104.02623","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2104.02623","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:56:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2104.02623v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:56:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2104.02623","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:56:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"Y7HHU56OZQ3B","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:56:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"Y7HHU56OZQ3BFDOZ","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:56:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"Y7HHU56O","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:56:15Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:Y7HHU56OZQ3BFDOZ3ZSADTOKFB","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2104.02623","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2021-04-06T16:00:15Z","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc"],"title_canon_sha256":"bc2b56fd6f28179af612587e4b932f7f36d9d1d4684191b2bf3856c34aa4b56b","abstract_canon_sha256":"fd0b043e2960238b17fa577bf28d6ed1d68a6b91ec83127ab78fb552255acddc"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"c7ce7a77cecc36128dd9de6401cdca285617769b22603d3ef951211c95d32a3b","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:56:15.347241Z","signature_b64":"afXTzpzNXFexNUX79CjeDtjGKHNkavuXgrTQDcZm7HZZrUWGzHu4nRPNDWIYKdL00pTYrrRDT4Vg2/xbfs+3AA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"c7ce7a77cecc36128dd9de6401cdca285617769b22603d3ef951211c95d32a3b","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:56:15.346797Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:56:15.346797Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2104.02623","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:56:15Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"sONqj0lZcfh2lYbnCB9pYBUzQDohEMWeK1xcKm57qTlhfOKvGrpl9y1gYjxTNFLUt2uGevER1U+Vw4KSQcB8CA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T12:24:12.416255Z"},"content_sha256":"64e5bb066b0c4d016ddcbbedabbe4e08b490db5e9ea7a71c586da963278e8381","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:64e5bb066b0c4d016ddcbbedabbe4e08b490db5e9ea7a71c586da963278e8381"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:Y7HHU56OZQ3BFDOZ3ZSADTOKFB","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Simple-graduated dark energy and spatial curvature","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["gr-qc"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","authors_text":"Giovanni Acquaviva, J. Alberto Vazquez, Nihan Katirci, Ozgur Akarsu","submitted_at":"2021-04-06T16:00:15Z","abstract_excerpt":"In this work, we first discuss the possibility that dark energy models with negative energy density values in the past can alleviate the $H_0$ tension, as well as the discrepancy with the baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) Lyman-$\\alpha$ data, both which prevail within the $\\Lambda$CDM model. We then investigate whether two minimal extensions of the $\\Lambda$CDM model, together or separately, can successfully realize such a scenario: (i) the spatial curvature, which, in the case of spatially closed universe, mimics a negative density source and (ii) simple-graduated dark energy (gDE), which pro"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2104.02623","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2104.02623/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:56:15Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"c9pvhALReVK2Uz10Y6l4Znb1Z0HIDUhY138RqeMll1m1Gw6TokF9A8hXHGJddq5r1Nq73WpmbLngzDix/mExCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T12:24:12.417184Z"},"content_sha256":"979d70e500f7b80c0ffe9f6c3cfeb7f8c2bd5512d5687b904abcd91aaa9b7e84","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:979d70e500f7b80c0ffe9f6c3cfeb7f8c2bd5512d5687b904abcd91aaa9b7e84"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/Y7HHU56OZQ3BFDOZ3ZSADTOKFB/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/Y7HHU56OZQ3BFDOZ3ZSADTOKFB/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/Y7HHU56OZQ3BFDOZ3ZSADTOKFB/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-04T12:24:12Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/Y7HHU56OZQ3BFDOZ3ZSADTOKFB","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/Y7HHU56OZQ3BFDOZ3ZSADTOKFB/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/Y7HHU56OZQ3BFDOZ3ZSADTOKFB/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/Y7HHU56OZQ3BFDOZ3ZSADTOKFB/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:Y7HHU56OZQ3BFDOZ3ZSADTOKFB","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"fd0b043e2960238b17fa577bf28d6ed1d68a6b91ec83127ab78fb552255acddc","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2021-04-06T16:00:15Z","title_canon_sha256":"bc2b56fd6f28179af612587e4b932f7f36d9d1d4684191b2bf3856c34aa4b56b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2104.02623","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2104.02623","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:56:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2104.02623v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:56:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2104.02623","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:56:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"Y7HHU56OZQ3B","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:56:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"Y7HHU56OZQ3BFDOZ","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:56:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"Y7HHU56O","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:56:15Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:979d70e500f7b80c0ffe9f6c3cfeb7f8c2bd5512d5687b904abcd91aaa9b7e84","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:56:15Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2104.02623/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"In this work, we first discuss the possibility that dark energy models with negative energy density values in the past can alleviate the $H_0$ tension, as well as the discrepancy with the baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) Lyman-$\\alpha$ data, both which prevail within the $\\Lambda$CDM model. We then investigate whether two minimal extensions of the $\\Lambda$CDM model, together or separately, can successfully realize such a scenario: (i) the spatial curvature, which, in the case of spatially closed universe, mimics a negative density source and (ii) simple-graduated dark energy (gDE), which pro","authors_text":"Giovanni Acquaviva, J. Alberto Vazquez, Nihan Katirci, Ozgur Akarsu","cross_cats":["gr-qc"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2021-04-06T16:00:15Z","title":"Simple-graduated dark energy and spatial curvature"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2104.02623","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:64e5bb066b0c4d016ddcbbedabbe4e08b490db5e9ea7a71c586da963278e8381","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:56:15Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"fd0b043e2960238b17fa577bf28d6ed1d68a6b91ec83127ab78fb552255acddc","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2021-04-06T16:00:15Z","title_canon_sha256":"bc2b56fd6f28179af612587e4b932f7f36d9d1d4684191b2bf3856c34aa4b56b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2104.02623","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"c7ce7a77cecc36128dd9de6401cdca285617769b22603d3ef951211c95d32a3b","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"c7ce7a77cecc36128dd9de6401cdca285617769b22603d3ef951211c95d32a3b","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:56:15.346797Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:56:15.346797Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"afXTzpzNXFexNUX79CjeDtjGKHNkavuXgrTQDcZm7HZZrUWGzHu4nRPNDWIYKdL00pTYrrRDT4Vg2/xbfs+3AA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:56:15.347241Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2104.02623","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:64e5bb066b0c4d016ddcbbedabbe4e08b490db5e9ea7a71c586da963278e8381","sha256:979d70e500f7b80c0ffe9f6c3cfeb7f8c2bd5512d5687b904abcd91aaa9b7e84"],"state_sha256":"78b3e1ef56af057752d8dec72682eda30df4cbd3300f3f4bb1e570430fe739ff"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"yjxj8gkzgpfgKCVIO/RgEqAtuLU2jKxFkgr7V3ZdUoVvCeXiDVmz9+5Ll6vvyQHBO0Ri/qUdQLsMH/dBv/RlAg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T12:24:12.440633Z","bundle_sha256":"168a3580468b07734aca6f874cad0b60a9ab979cc5b01a9a3ad2fea32ed1219c"}}