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For couplings allowed by current bounds, production via scattering yields $\\Delta N_{\\rm eff} \\lesssim 0.6$ and $\\Delta N_{\\rm eff} \\lesssim 0.2$ for the cases of muon and tau, respectively. Flavor violating tau decays to a lighter lepton plus an axion give $\\Delta N_{\\rm eff} \\lesssim 0.3$. 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Ferreira","submitted_at":"2018-08-22T16:34:22Z","abstract_excerpt":"Scattering and decay processes of thermal bath particles involving heavy leptons can dump hot axions in the primordial plasma around the QCD phase transition. We compute their relic density, parameterized by an effective number $\\Delta N_{\\rm eff}$ of additional neutrinos. For couplings allowed by current bounds, production via scattering yields $\\Delta N_{\\rm eff} \\lesssim 0.6$ and $\\Delta N_{\\rm eff} \\lesssim 0.2$ for the cases of muon and tau, respectively. Flavor violating tau decays to a lighter lepton plus an axion give $\\Delta N_{\\rm eff} \\lesssim 0.3$. 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