{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:Y7QLHI3VMH4L22B6WZZBFQX3ZN","short_pith_number":"pith:Y7QLHI3V","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1209.4616","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SI","submitted_at":"2012-09-20T19:06:22Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.soc-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"a252c9f78a5f191ec9afe5c149bd4d58c7635cf99b0459b03333128d8a61e7c8","abstract_canon_sha256":"0210327c62f7e5235e6a0da07d141a2072e48b5b491167527923651b09e01af4"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"c7e0b3a37561f8bd683eb67212c2fbcb6f9c2bdbe8e82f72db616c9c32589334","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1209.4616","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1209.4616","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:55:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1209.4616v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:55:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1209.4616","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:55:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"Y7QLHI3VMH4L","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"Y7QLHI3VMH4L22B6","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"Y7QLHI3V","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:27Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:Y7QLHI3VMH4L22B6WZZBFQX3ZN","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1209.4616","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SI","submitted_at":"2012-09-20T19:06:22Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.soc-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"a252c9f78a5f191ec9afe5c149bd4d58c7635cf99b0459b03333128d8a61e7c8","abstract_canon_sha256":"0210327c62f7e5235e6a0da07d141a2072e48b5b491167527923651b09e01af4"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"c7e0b3a37561f8bd683eb67212c2fbcb6f9c2bdbe8e82f72db616c9c32589334","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:55:20.694652Z","signature_b64":"qQAnq5R8u1/TcNnikHVwrHxmfiat1nB9WnDl9U+MuDUFpo0D6aHeCee5xV4+g0ZReuNrb5OWiEe6oLhsiSzVDA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"c7e0b3a37561f8bd683eb67212c2fbcb6f9c2bdbe8e82f72db616c9c32589334","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:55:20.694201Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:55:20.694201Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1209.4616","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:55:20Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"YL1dlkulqyTPEA5MgCZJKYctnTqjFCkdw93H81Z8XU86zVOuMl+bN/IB/dZ0gZJ6ltigSKRmzbNBgBnmfq3FAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-01T18:44:15.434053Z"},"content_sha256":"cf4a0edba5db81b8c349f853dc10dd7580b3a23c85331c1dabc93e0cc161d5d2","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:cf4a0edba5db81b8c349f853dc10dd7580b3a23c85331c1dabc93e0cc161d5d2"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:Y7QLHI3VMH4L22B6WZZBFQX3ZN","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Rethinking Centrality: The Role of Dynamical Processes in Social Network Analysis","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["physics.soc-ph"],"primary_cat":"cs.SI","authors_text":"Kristina Lerman, Rumi Ghosh","submitted_at":"2012-09-20T19:06:22Z","abstract_excerpt":"Many popular measures used in social network analysis, including centrality, are based on the random walk. The random walk is a model of a stochastic process where a node interacts with one other node at a time. However, the random walk may not be appropriate for modeling social phenomena, including epidemics and information diffusion, in which one node may interact with many others at the same time, for example, by broadcasting the virus or information to its neighbors. To produce meaningful results, social network analysis algorithms have to take into account the nature of interactions betwe"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1209.4616","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:55:20Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"gS3HPkpT22xkq1FWjTDwviujk8DPQh2FSfU+5UQ2Fv9RWxA0UY6/Au2HHmXaCmu+g4nTAUpN+4aliRtrJVe6Ag==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-01T18:44:15.434406Z"},"content_sha256":"24ce7a74f6482e05691251ca45cec87261b152d663c26b181ff6632feb42d3e4","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:24ce7a74f6482e05691251ca45cec87261b152d663c26b181ff6632feb42d3e4"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/Y7QLHI3VMH4L22B6WZZBFQX3ZN/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/Y7QLHI3VMH4L22B6WZZBFQX3ZN/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/Y7QLHI3VMH4L22B6WZZBFQX3ZN/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-01T18:44:15Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/Y7QLHI3VMH4L22B6WZZBFQX3ZN","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/Y7QLHI3VMH4L22B6WZZBFQX3ZN/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/Y7QLHI3VMH4L22B6WZZBFQX3ZN/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/Y7QLHI3VMH4L22B6WZZBFQX3ZN/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:Y7QLHI3VMH4L22B6WZZBFQX3ZN","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"0210327c62f7e5235e6a0da07d141a2072e48b5b491167527923651b09e01af4","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.soc-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SI","submitted_at":"2012-09-20T19:06:22Z","title_canon_sha256":"a252c9f78a5f191ec9afe5c149bd4d58c7635cf99b0459b03333128d8a61e7c8"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1209.4616","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1209.4616","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:55:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1209.4616v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:55:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1209.4616","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:55:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"Y7QLHI3VMH4L","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"Y7QLHI3VMH4L22B6","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"Y7QLHI3V","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:27Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:24ce7a74f6482e05691251ca45cec87261b152d663c26b181ff6632feb42d3e4","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:55:20Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Many popular measures used in social network analysis, including centrality, are based on the random walk. The random walk is a model of a stochastic process where a node interacts with one other node at a time. However, the random walk may not be appropriate for modeling social phenomena, including epidemics and information diffusion, in which one node may interact with many others at the same time, for example, by broadcasting the virus or information to its neighbors. To produce meaningful results, social network analysis algorithms have to take into account the nature of interactions betwe","authors_text":"Kristina Lerman, Rumi Ghosh","cross_cats":["physics.soc-ph"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SI","submitted_at":"2012-09-20T19:06:22Z","title":"Rethinking Centrality: The Role of Dynamical Processes in Social Network Analysis"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1209.4616","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:cf4a0edba5db81b8c349f853dc10dd7580b3a23c85331c1dabc93e0cc161d5d2","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:55:20Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"0210327c62f7e5235e6a0da07d141a2072e48b5b491167527923651b09e01af4","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.soc-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SI","submitted_at":"2012-09-20T19:06:22Z","title_canon_sha256":"a252c9f78a5f191ec9afe5c149bd4d58c7635cf99b0459b03333128d8a61e7c8"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1209.4616","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"c7e0b3a37561f8bd683eb67212c2fbcb6f9c2bdbe8e82f72db616c9c32589334","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"c7e0b3a37561f8bd683eb67212c2fbcb6f9c2bdbe8e82f72db616c9c32589334","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:55:20.694201Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:55:20.694201Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"qQAnq5R8u1/TcNnikHVwrHxmfiat1nB9WnDl9U+MuDUFpo0D6aHeCee5xV4+g0ZReuNrb5OWiEe6oLhsiSzVDA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:55:20.694652Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1209.4616","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:cf4a0edba5db81b8c349f853dc10dd7580b3a23c85331c1dabc93e0cc161d5d2","sha256:24ce7a74f6482e05691251ca45cec87261b152d663c26b181ff6632feb42d3e4"],"state_sha256":"240602b5cd3388570be5f46935580b1a11996413c5b247c2ab666ca9c69c4d16"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"1P1Tdk35w1J3PYv1zM0Gmbjrk4pTUqoNJt1RgR5M1BoXwjUSfbnU/MZyUTcweOppZ60Fx+ihJWycxL4kp+0pAA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-01T18:44:15.436380Z","bundle_sha256":"4e7a320bb86a4c7393011a8682bee22daf0caa2248c502a5eac966efa920f5dc"}}