{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:YB4A6M7NM34GKAT5SLBUHUHTCX","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"2305a1e90d7061c11771b5fe21398ed86dbae0dcdbf5acd6e6a9c41be9e5e334","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CL"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T19:54:47Z","title_canon_sha256":"3fb4d29285c7ba75bf676c908045563c62221f25e4523c35d88282c0ac795b52"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2501.10361","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2501.10361","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:02:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2501.10361v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:02:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2501.10361","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:02:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"YB4A6M7NM34G","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:02:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"YB4A6M7NM34GKAT5","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:02:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"YB4A6M7N","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:02:26Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:474cd5819d02d94e4162f84a2f8801bd267b6af80dd1cc56fd21d86f3fa3284a","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:02:26Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2501.10361/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"This paper argues that we should perceive LLMs as machines of extrapolation. Extrapolation is a statistical function for predicting the next value in a series. Extrapolation contributes to both GPT successes and controversies surrounding its hallucination. The term hallucination implies a malfunction, yet this paper contends that it in fact indicates the chatbot efficiency in extrapolation, albeit an excess of it. This article bears a historical dimension: it traces extrapolation to the nascent years of cybernetics. In 1941, when Norbert Wiener transitioned from missile science to communicatio","authors_text":"Xuenan Cao","cross_cats":["cs.CL"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T19:54:47Z","title":"How Large Language Models (LLMs) Extrapolate: From Guided Missiles to Guided Prompts"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2501.10361","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:8b1a0cd80a5cf7fecf96f003b81c694ca6800509258a073ff5a710eb5ee34414","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:02:26Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"2305a1e90d7061c11771b5fe21398ed86dbae0dcdbf5acd6e6a9c41be9e5e334","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CL"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T19:54:47Z","title_canon_sha256":"3fb4d29285c7ba75bf676c908045563c62221f25e4523c35d88282c0ac795b52"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2501.10361","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"c0780f33ed66f865027d92c343d0f315e77e080af4438ec4b9c272dac5c10ead","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"c0780f33ed66f865027d92c343d0f315e77e080af4438ec4b9c272dac5c10ead","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T10:02:26.563706Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T10:02:26.563706Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"mh6ehfAmWqVNjqZ1ZEpgEpGQJZfBczbNwhUV1uqg4LoC9LySnDoVse7V4TtJwZ5chuijwHuEyUlDPffXXa8sAg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T10:02:26.564204Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2501.10361","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:8b1a0cd80a5cf7fecf96f003b81c694ca6800509258a073ff5a710eb5ee34414","sha256:474cd5819d02d94e4162f84a2f8801bd267b6af80dd1cc56fd21d86f3fa3284a"],"state_sha256":"9706e49848044b3094a2613bc599965381f84eb1be6aa0964397898de08dd331"}