{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:YD4KDHQH3TLGO34BHKDRPLX3RS","short_pith_number":"pith:YD4KDHQH","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2506.08930","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"eess.SP","submitted_at":"2025-06-10T15:57:17Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"9e040adc2a91e3ca007c1cd5f8341b7dfffe9d4b1ecf65c22d85133e42a81a46","abstract_canon_sha256":"3d77754621971e44ea846c5d00e344dd5b37c8067caee3583277398727b25a9c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"c0f8a19e07dcd6676f813a8717aefb8c939e3787cc36c43ae1ccb7a1b7162871","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2506.08930","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2506.08930","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:19:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2506.08930v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:19:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2506.08930","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:19:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"YD4KDHQH3TLG","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:19:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"YD4KDHQH3TLGO34B","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:19:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"YD4KDHQH","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:19:15Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:YD4KDHQH3TLGO34BHKDRPLX3RS","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2506.08930","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"eess.SP","submitted_at":"2025-06-10T15:57:17Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"9e040adc2a91e3ca007c1cd5f8341b7dfffe9d4b1ecf65c22d85133e42a81a46","abstract_canon_sha256":"3d77754621971e44ea846c5d00e344dd5b37c8067caee3583277398727b25a9c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"c0f8a19e07dcd6676f813a8717aefb8c939e3787cc36c43ae1ccb7a1b7162871","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:19:15.194592Z","signature_b64":"b83swqybZoOOAjf37UwsJhCwPdlpEeo2+ZNiWr+jHHAhgRLRncwZC60GmdvxlRUwp8roWLGtO/EVhKECcrCPDw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"c0f8a19e07dcd6676f813a8717aefb8c939e3787cc36c43ae1ccb7a1b7162871","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:19:15.194014Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:19:15.194014Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2506.08930","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:19:15Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"WqQbPFHFnDEgZi3kVYUkEEDSFNbp/Cr2kZXer2nh9O5PzRYltYDQwiU4dDPrHBmMpONeCceDcepM9GKOEtl2Aw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T06:01:38.183344Z"},"content_sha256":"fa8e7af2f844ac512086430070db03f27527ae9da38faeb4fbf49f5c0465694b","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:fa8e7af2f844ac512086430070db03f27527ae9da38faeb4fbf49f5c0465694b"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:YD4KDHQH3TLGO34BHKDRPLX3RS","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Hardware Limitations and Optimization Approach in 1-Bit RIS Design at 28 GHz","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"eess.SP","authors_text":"George Yammine, Hossein Rezaei, Mehmet Emin Arslan, Niels Neumann, Norman Franchi","submitted_at":"2025-06-10T15:57:17Z","abstract_excerpt":"Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) have emerged as a transformative technology for electromagnetic (EM) wave manipulation, offering unprecedented control over wave reflections compared to traditional metallic reflectors. By utilizing an array of tunable elements, RIS can steer and shape electromagnetic waves to enhance signal quality in wireless communication and radar systems. However, practical implementations face significant challenges due to hardware limitations and phase quantization errors. In this work, a 1-bit RIS prototype operating at 28 GHz is developed to experimentally eva"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2506.08930","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2506.08930/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:19:15Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Ic+FE6wpHCkaQrgexVHGNg90bnoVgHYQ60qDIyzVWTGpA6sqR8m4Jq29KxsI86kjX//oybML/GB6aPJozySsBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T06:01:38.183771Z"},"content_sha256":"c69a2bff937a7afde0739e58e2a6ee580476b10046890893d3c0abd6424d2a6f","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:c69a2bff937a7afde0739e58e2a6ee580476b10046890893d3c0abd6424d2a6f"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/YD4KDHQH3TLGO34BHKDRPLX3RS/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/YD4KDHQH3TLGO34BHKDRPLX3RS/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/YD4KDHQH3TLGO34BHKDRPLX3RS/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-07T06:01:38Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/YD4KDHQH3TLGO34BHKDRPLX3RS","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/YD4KDHQH3TLGO34BHKDRPLX3RS/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/YD4KDHQH3TLGO34BHKDRPLX3RS/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/YD4KDHQH3TLGO34BHKDRPLX3RS/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:YD4KDHQH3TLGO34BHKDRPLX3RS","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"3d77754621971e44ea846c5d00e344dd5b37c8067caee3583277398727b25a9c","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"eess.SP","submitted_at":"2025-06-10T15:57:17Z","title_canon_sha256":"9e040adc2a91e3ca007c1cd5f8341b7dfffe9d4b1ecf65c22d85133e42a81a46"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2506.08930","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2506.08930","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:19:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2506.08930v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:19:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2506.08930","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:19:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"YD4KDHQH3TLG","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:19:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"YD4KDHQH3TLGO34B","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:19:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"YD4KDHQH","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:19:15Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:c69a2bff937a7afde0739e58e2a6ee580476b10046890893d3c0abd6424d2a6f","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:19:15Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2506.08930/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) have emerged as a transformative technology for electromagnetic (EM) wave manipulation, offering unprecedented control over wave reflections compared to traditional metallic reflectors. By utilizing an array of tunable elements, RIS can steer and shape electromagnetic waves to enhance signal quality in wireless communication and radar systems. However, practical implementations face significant challenges due to hardware limitations and phase quantization errors. In this work, a 1-bit RIS prototype operating at 28 GHz is developed to experimentally eva","authors_text":"George Yammine, Hossein Rezaei, Mehmet Emin Arslan, Niels Neumann, Norman Franchi","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"eess.SP","submitted_at":"2025-06-10T15:57:17Z","title":"Hardware Limitations and Optimization Approach in 1-Bit RIS Design at 28 GHz"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2506.08930","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:fa8e7af2f844ac512086430070db03f27527ae9da38faeb4fbf49f5c0465694b","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:19:15Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"3d77754621971e44ea846c5d00e344dd5b37c8067caee3583277398727b25a9c","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"eess.SP","submitted_at":"2025-06-10T15:57:17Z","title_canon_sha256":"9e040adc2a91e3ca007c1cd5f8341b7dfffe9d4b1ecf65c22d85133e42a81a46"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2506.08930","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"c0f8a19e07dcd6676f813a8717aefb8c939e3787cc36c43ae1ccb7a1b7162871","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"c0f8a19e07dcd6676f813a8717aefb8c939e3787cc36c43ae1ccb7a1b7162871","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:19:15.194014Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:19:15.194014Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"b83swqybZoOOAjf37UwsJhCwPdlpEeo2+ZNiWr+jHHAhgRLRncwZC60GmdvxlRUwp8roWLGtO/EVhKECcrCPDw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:19:15.194592Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2506.08930","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:fa8e7af2f844ac512086430070db03f27527ae9da38faeb4fbf49f5c0465694b","sha256:c69a2bff937a7afde0739e58e2a6ee580476b10046890893d3c0abd6424d2a6f"],"state_sha256":"4cde094a016a258278ff113fc718b2bad222fbaa2510f830e0daefdb42eb0b10"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"YIQf4pmtxeol4WGAUaDvEciIHPmbzPBl+TX2OS4WuwWVSG7ZF11kLjMcrsz+AtDDczqZgEIWX5fL7iostxQRBA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T06:01:38.185658Z","bundle_sha256":"03ea06d6f5c925fbccfe4ebed66393cf4ff6503b2468b5b3ec4e767b3f2cfba1"}}