{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:YD5ARCGILJ2YBNTAASSDNG63DM","short_pith_number":"pith:YD5ARCGI","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2108.05243","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.geo-ph","submitted_at":"2021-08-11T14:25:11Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"7095c1058fd8cc8b03e289e44131c9e1135be631b41b4cbb85e3a71e4eaa3716","abstract_canon_sha256":"b68ac159c61269bddb4693f86ede2171b6d127ca62e7ef4ec65176672dfbecfd"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"c0fa0888c85a7580b66004a4369bdb1b162be3d31cc67d09e9b7efbd2edfae8a","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2108.05243","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2108.05243","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:05:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2108.05243v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:05:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2108.05243","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:05:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"YD5ARCGILJ2Y","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:05:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"YD5ARCGILJ2YBNTA","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:05:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"YD5ARCGI","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:05:14Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:YD5ARCGILJ2YBNTAASSDNG63DM","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2108.05243","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.geo-ph","submitted_at":"2021-08-11T14:25:11Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"7095c1058fd8cc8b03e289e44131c9e1135be631b41b4cbb85e3a71e4eaa3716","abstract_canon_sha256":"b68ac159c61269bddb4693f86ede2171b6d127ca62e7ef4ec65176672dfbecfd"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"c0fa0888c85a7580b66004a4369bdb1b162be3d31cc67d09e9b7efbd2edfae8a","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T03:05:14.079517Z","signature_b64":"RRomRzF+ZVa9NeGrQv+PhywnspuXayfereAhG62N8GxHea/ZDlfEY65LYj4dn3U5P9+mT/XXgORg5VHRZwXFAg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"c0fa0888c85a7580b66004a4369bdb1b162be3d31cc67d09e9b7efbd2edfae8a","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T03:05:14.079165Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T03:05:14.079165Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2108.05243","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T03:05:14Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"KcZl/FlnF0sCmatcsgLe3Ukvb/wkoCnYJtf37X3CD1AoKBPLv2/xjfphwaEUR4AfcbkxA2ooR1f2IoixqhP+AA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-20T15:18:41.517720Z"},"content_sha256":"44f3b779ac7ee77b2f07f38b8100b72f82e151a3a6e5d137b5ccc3ac59f1769b","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:44f3b779ac7ee77b2f07f38b8100b72f82e151a3a6e5d137b5ccc3ac59f1769b"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:YD5ARCGILJ2YBNTAASSDNG63DM","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Thermo-hydro-mechanical modeling of an Enhanced geothermal system in a fractured reservoir using CO2 as heat transmission fluid- A sensitivity investigation","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.geo-ph","authors_text":"Ingo Sass, Kristian B\\\"ar, Mrityunjay Singh, Saeed Mahmoodpour","submitted_at":"2021-08-11T14:25:11Z","abstract_excerpt":"Geothermal energy has the potential to support direct heat usage and electricity generation at low carbon footprint. Using CO2 as heat transfer fluid can allow us to achieve negative carbon energy solution. In this study, geothermal energy extraction potential from a discretely fractured reservoir using CO2 is assessed. Geothermal energy extraction process is a coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) mechanism and the geomechanical stresses involves thermoelasticity and poroelasticity. This study demonstrates a fully coupled THM mechanism for enhanced geothermal system (EGS) operations. A large "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2108.05243","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2108.05243/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T03:05:14Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"LJXY1AFRVNFQN9/Y4b1D7KyuGqBHKhHbEcYgDtgWmmlHnbOF8sToWPla1Q4kw43haefCmVOn5JJ8kh1mYoMoBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-20T15:18:41.518198Z"},"content_sha256":"9470e2cc55f14d1b54f56a3fcbbba105db9aeb31be4aa59ec1b9ad378145b012","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:9470e2cc55f14d1b54f56a3fcbbba105db9aeb31be4aa59ec1b9ad378145b012"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/YD5ARCGILJ2YBNTAASSDNG63DM/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/YD5ARCGILJ2YBNTAASSDNG63DM/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/YD5ARCGILJ2YBNTAASSDNG63DM/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-20T15:18:41Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/YD5ARCGILJ2YBNTAASSDNG63DM","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/YD5ARCGILJ2YBNTAASSDNG63DM/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/YD5ARCGILJ2YBNTAASSDNG63DM/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/YD5ARCGILJ2YBNTAASSDNG63DM/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:YD5ARCGILJ2YBNTAASSDNG63DM","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"b68ac159c61269bddb4693f86ede2171b6d127ca62e7ef4ec65176672dfbecfd","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.geo-ph","submitted_at":"2021-08-11T14:25:11Z","title_canon_sha256":"7095c1058fd8cc8b03e289e44131c9e1135be631b41b4cbb85e3a71e4eaa3716"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2108.05243","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2108.05243","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:05:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2108.05243v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:05:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2108.05243","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:05:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"YD5ARCGILJ2Y","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:05:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"YD5ARCGILJ2YBNTA","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:05:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"YD5ARCGI","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:05:14Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:9470e2cc55f14d1b54f56a3fcbbba105db9aeb31be4aa59ec1b9ad378145b012","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:05:14Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2108.05243/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Geothermal energy has the potential to support direct heat usage and electricity generation at low carbon footprint. Using CO2 as heat transfer fluid can allow us to achieve negative carbon energy solution. In this study, geothermal energy extraction potential from a discretely fractured reservoir using CO2 is assessed. Geothermal energy extraction process is a coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) mechanism and the geomechanical stresses involves thermoelasticity and poroelasticity. This study demonstrates a fully coupled THM mechanism for enhanced geothermal system (EGS) operations. A large ","authors_text":"Ingo Sass, Kristian B\\\"ar, Mrityunjay Singh, Saeed Mahmoodpour","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.geo-ph","submitted_at":"2021-08-11T14:25:11Z","title":"Thermo-hydro-mechanical modeling of an Enhanced geothermal system in a fractured reservoir using CO2 as heat transmission fluid- A sensitivity investigation"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2108.05243","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:44f3b779ac7ee77b2f07f38b8100b72f82e151a3a6e5d137b5ccc3ac59f1769b","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:05:14Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"b68ac159c61269bddb4693f86ede2171b6d127ca62e7ef4ec65176672dfbecfd","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.geo-ph","submitted_at":"2021-08-11T14:25:11Z","title_canon_sha256":"7095c1058fd8cc8b03e289e44131c9e1135be631b41b4cbb85e3a71e4eaa3716"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2108.05243","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"c0fa0888c85a7580b66004a4369bdb1b162be3d31cc67d09e9b7efbd2edfae8a","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"c0fa0888c85a7580b66004a4369bdb1b162be3d31cc67d09e9b7efbd2edfae8a","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T03:05:14.079165Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T03:05:14.079165Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"RRomRzF+ZVa9NeGrQv+PhywnspuXayfereAhG62N8GxHea/ZDlfEY65LYj4dn3U5P9+mT/XXgORg5VHRZwXFAg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T03:05:14.079517Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2108.05243","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:44f3b779ac7ee77b2f07f38b8100b72f82e151a3a6e5d137b5ccc3ac59f1769b","sha256:9470e2cc55f14d1b54f56a3fcbbba105db9aeb31be4aa59ec1b9ad378145b012"],"state_sha256":"02826d741e93ec1a5549b7af76dcb9930e0be64096f5e90da71cd29186a4ebe8"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Jo8h4JoljE067SlyuK3oC6S1CI8QH8rygjXwef3QaMfruIW+LMqaiMcN5vR3I2D2n1oTq6pggoX6DSmsNuPiAg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-20T15:18:41.521826Z","bundle_sha256":"25cebab5d32073af44cd973a8087d5ee69fd28494b26ba149c014a2cf9bb40d1"}}