{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:YENJHUHURBVGQQDLQSMKFLELG5","short_pith_number":"pith:YENJHUHU","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1801.09781","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2018-01-29T22:10:16Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CY","cs.SI"],"title_canon_sha256":"f88fe877dad27dd4183643594720b22be50609b11cba9342e7656ba835293724","abstract_canon_sha256":"b2b9e12fce7685080d078a8a1d9a4c742f6d80812adf2eae22f794771566258a"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"c11a93d0f4886a68406b8498a2ac8b374eff1d334141dc3a29922bd35de1f71e","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1801.09781","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1801.09781","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:24:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1801.09781v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:24:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1801.09781","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:24:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"YENJHUHURBVG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"YENJHUHURBVGQQDL","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"YENJHUHU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:04Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:YENJHUHURBVGQQDLQSMKFLELG5","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1801.09781","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2018-01-29T22:10:16Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CY","cs.SI"],"title_canon_sha256":"f88fe877dad27dd4183643594720b22be50609b11cba9342e7656ba835293724","abstract_canon_sha256":"b2b9e12fce7685080d078a8a1d9a4c742f6d80812adf2eae22f794771566258a"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"c11a93d0f4886a68406b8498a2ac8b374eff1d334141dc3a29922bd35de1f71e","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:24:53.814497Z","signature_b64":"l4fldUmYWV2h+dglpOEsWmHlIWW9O5PlKsTBVio6DN0aPhMuvEmxnWJR06n3RLWKR6+YIxkXsUY8eJgwCmN2BQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"c11a93d0f4886a68406b8498a2ac8b374eff1d334141dc3a29922bd35de1f71e","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:24:53.813836Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:24:53.813836Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1801.09781","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:24:53Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"w/QDg7nwaLn+nvaliWYYKwSL1sfyWZQ4lY6Lro+TJxcZCNzuCYelfSDbXODAYMHSSuSKPHWTSgBCfkyhL2nDBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-30T06:35:35.925120Z"},"content_sha256":"073bc61c6b500a6a0dbcc0a033769fdadb767c8cabbc6eedf1158c614b131d84","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:073bc61c6b500a6a0dbcc0a033769fdadb767c8cabbc6eedf1158c614b131d84"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:YENJHUHURBVGQQDLQSMKFLELG5","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Early Warnings of Cyber Threats in Online Discussions","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.CY","cs.SI"],"primary_cat":"cs.CR","authors_text":"Alessandro Bessi, Anna Sapienza, Emilio Ferrara, Kristina Lerman, Paulo Shakarian, Saranya Damodaran","submitted_at":"2018-01-29T22:10:16Z","abstract_excerpt":"We introduce a system for automatically generating warnings of imminent or current cyber-threats. Our system leverages the communication of malicious actors on the darkweb, as well as activity of cyber security experts on social media platforms like Twitter. In a time period between September, 2016 and January, 2017, our method generated 661 alerts of which about 84% were relevant to current or imminent cyber-threats. In the paper, we first illustrate the rationale and workflow of our system, then we measure its performance. Our analysis is enriched by two case studies: the first shows how the"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1801.09781","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:24:53Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"sii25FfHWmpdV2eFcCrYQjWLbbueuDImrFe0+BuNzW1DSrOlbaLkFASm3rwiYLx0h5Wh9Ks0RB439i/7HLL7Cg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-30T06:35:35.925485Z"},"content_sha256":"9dca8eb3ac4b421f21983f8e4d686aa6e13ed4f37580c67c067a05d48cb371e7","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:9dca8eb3ac4b421f21983f8e4d686aa6e13ed4f37580c67c067a05d48cb371e7"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/YENJHUHURBVGQQDLQSMKFLELG5/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/YENJHUHURBVGQQDLQSMKFLELG5/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/YENJHUHURBVGQQDLQSMKFLELG5/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-30T06:35:35Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/YENJHUHURBVGQQDLQSMKFLELG5","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/YENJHUHURBVGQQDLQSMKFLELG5/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/YENJHUHURBVGQQDLQSMKFLELG5/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/YENJHUHURBVGQQDLQSMKFLELG5/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:YENJHUHURBVGQQDLQSMKFLELG5","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"b2b9e12fce7685080d078a8a1d9a4c742f6d80812adf2eae22f794771566258a","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CY","cs.SI"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2018-01-29T22:10:16Z","title_canon_sha256":"f88fe877dad27dd4183643594720b22be50609b11cba9342e7656ba835293724"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1801.09781","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1801.09781","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:24:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1801.09781v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:24:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1801.09781","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:24:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"YENJHUHURBVG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"YENJHUHURBVGQQDL","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"YENJHUHU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:04Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:9dca8eb3ac4b421f21983f8e4d686aa6e13ed4f37580c67c067a05d48cb371e7","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:24:53Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We introduce a system for automatically generating warnings of imminent or current cyber-threats. Our system leverages the communication of malicious actors on the darkweb, as well as activity of cyber security experts on social media platforms like Twitter. In a time period between September, 2016 and January, 2017, our method generated 661 alerts of which about 84% were relevant to current or imminent cyber-threats. In the paper, we first illustrate the rationale and workflow of our system, then we measure its performance. Our analysis is enriched by two case studies: the first shows how the","authors_text":"Alessandro Bessi, Anna Sapienza, Emilio Ferrara, Kristina Lerman, Paulo Shakarian, Saranya Damodaran","cross_cats":["cs.CY","cs.SI"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2018-01-29T22:10:16Z","title":"Early Warnings of Cyber Threats in Online Discussions"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1801.09781","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:073bc61c6b500a6a0dbcc0a033769fdadb767c8cabbc6eedf1158c614b131d84","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:24:53Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"b2b9e12fce7685080d078a8a1d9a4c742f6d80812adf2eae22f794771566258a","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CY","cs.SI"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2018-01-29T22:10:16Z","title_canon_sha256":"f88fe877dad27dd4183643594720b22be50609b11cba9342e7656ba835293724"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1801.09781","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"c11a93d0f4886a68406b8498a2ac8b374eff1d334141dc3a29922bd35de1f71e","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"c11a93d0f4886a68406b8498a2ac8b374eff1d334141dc3a29922bd35de1f71e","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:24:53.813836Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:24:53.813836Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"l4fldUmYWV2h+dglpOEsWmHlIWW9O5PlKsTBVio6DN0aPhMuvEmxnWJR06n3RLWKR6+YIxkXsUY8eJgwCmN2BQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:24:53.814497Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1801.09781","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:073bc61c6b500a6a0dbcc0a033769fdadb767c8cabbc6eedf1158c614b131d84","sha256:9dca8eb3ac4b421f21983f8e4d686aa6e13ed4f37580c67c067a05d48cb371e7"],"state_sha256":"6529c965ffdeaa4064f3bbc473cc95cbca9c30d95a8357071065eac348c6cd3a"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"IAoR7/WPATIT0G/zDr3C57zM+bU00KCEIiAz3AOnOA//TYLnuYJkhLyo2SZ8DM8Mt3I22ZCZ9au74jARy/JlDg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-30T06:35:35.927460Z","bundle_sha256":"ab5634e0ed3293cad8c9660f4a57c12a515f99186d21c09737e09a9000988d52"}}