{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2017:YFSR6RMHEO7U466VTY365ZCL54","short_pith_number":"pith:YFSR6RMH","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"c1651f458723bf4e7bd59e37eee44bef29453d0efdf09b522933ed5da54bfe0d","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1711.04407","version":1},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"On-Demand Spin-Orbit Interaction from Which-Layer Tunability in Bilayer Graphene","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","authors_text":"Alberto F. Morpurgo, Jun Yong Khoo, Leonid Levitov","submitted_at":"2017-11-13T03:29:20Z","abstract_excerpt":"Spin-orbit interaction (SOI) that is gate-tunable over a broad range is essential to exploiting novel spin phenomena. Achieving this regime has remained elusive because of the weakness of the underlying relativistic coupling and lack of its tunability in solids. Here we outline a general strategy that enables exceptionally high tunability of SOI through creating a which-layer spin-orbit field inhomogeneity in graphene multilayers. An external transverse electric field is applied to shift carriers between the layers with strong and weak SOI. Because graphene layers are separated by sub-nm scale"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1711.04407","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","submitted_at":"2017-11-13T03:29:20Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"e00da369d24aa75ce44dbff6697bd10dcb3710d7fd2a715d2cd8a63f7714d00c","abstract_canon_sha256":"a10afcbc259ec84bbc412c808337e2dbe180cb49757aaf853f37f08f0d047190"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:23:16.422363Z","signature_b64":"5Zwlr6ArcVasp4MJiVfeQzqqoS+YpFq1CwdF4aOSmdxtTq3ft92U9pHKPKmegXufb1wHDNcuHE0xfN04oH9cAg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"c1651f458723bf4e7bd59e37eee44bef29453d0efdf09b522933ed5da54bfe0d","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:23:16.421665Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:23:16.421665Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"On-Demand Spin-Orbit Interaction from Which-Layer Tunability in Bilayer Graphene","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","authors_text":"Alberto F. Morpurgo, Jun Yong Khoo, Leonid Levitov","submitted_at":"2017-11-13T03:29:20Z","abstract_excerpt":"Spin-orbit interaction (SOI) that is gate-tunable over a broad range is essential to exploiting novel spin phenomena. Achieving this regime has remained elusive because of the weakness of the underlying relativistic coupling and lack of its tunability in solids. Here we outline a general strategy that enables exceptionally high tunability of SOI through creating a which-layer spin-orbit field inhomogeneity in graphene multilayers. An external transverse electric field is applied to shift carriers between the layers with strong and weak SOI. Because graphene layers are separated by sub-nm scale"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1711.04407","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1711.04407","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:23:16.421802+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1711.04407v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:23:16.421802+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1711.04407","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:23:16.421802+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"YFSR6RMHEO7U","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:56.362134+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"YFSR6RMHEO7U466V","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:56.362134+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"YFSR6RMH","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:56.362134+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":0,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/YFSR6RMHEO7U466VTY365ZCL54","json":"https://pith.science/pith/YFSR6RMHEO7U466VTY365ZCL54.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/YFSR6RMHEO7U466VTY365ZCL54/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/YFSR6RMHEO7U466VTY365ZCL54/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/YFSR6RMH"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/YFSR6RMHEO7U466VTY365ZCL54","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/YFSR6RMHEO7U466VTY365ZCL54.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/YFSR6RMH","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=1711.04407&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/YFSR6RMHEO7U466VTY365ZCL54/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/YFSR6RMHEO7U466VTY365ZCL54/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/YFSR6RMHEO7U466VTY365ZCL54/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/YFSR6RMHEO7U466VTY365ZCL54/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/YFSR6RMHEO7U466VTY365ZCL54/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/YFSR6RMHEO7U466VTY365ZCL54/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/YFSR6RMHEO7U466VTY365ZCL54/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:23:16.421802+00:00","updated_at":"2026-05-18T00:23:16.421802+00:00"}