{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:YG45AFMMDAJUFDQY62CYSPCI7W","short_pith_number":"pith:YG45AFMM","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2003.12660","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2020-03-27T22:40:01Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"1d07aad13775ade24e5aeca9812394f384155c46821d28a88d2bf57dc60b39e7","abstract_canon_sha256":"917fcfb067c45843dbcae1489e1bebddaed454ac9d34833acd5bdc4856cac438"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"c1b9d0158c1813428e18f685893c48fdb948e4418679f105eb075231430f828a","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2003.12660","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2003.12660","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:51:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2003.12660v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:51:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2003.12660","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:51:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"YG45AFMMDAJU","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:51:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"YG45AFMMDAJUFDQY","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:51:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"YG45AFMM","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:51:08Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:YG45AFMMDAJUFDQY62CYSPCI7W","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2003.12660","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2020-03-27T22:40:01Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"1d07aad13775ade24e5aeca9812394f384155c46821d28a88d2bf57dc60b39e7","abstract_canon_sha256":"917fcfb067c45843dbcae1489e1bebddaed454ac9d34833acd5bdc4856cac438"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"c1b9d0158c1813428e18f685893c48fdb948e4418679f105eb075231430f828a","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T00:51:08.793057Z","signature_b64":"ttS1eRGMgQQClf7quCBXgJIEUQJIdKlyBZKCY/0lqVXg0iDnXvRjTCpGeeD3fMds2egreSLOedwf81vc7qGVAQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"c1b9d0158c1813428e18f685893c48fdb948e4418679f105eb075231430f828a","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T00:51:08.792674Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T00:51:08.792674Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2003.12660","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T00:51:08Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"7Dxh6m0163q0WhK1LI21H9HQQeJhDH3nOTcHOcd92OmDm4slUQAoOTxJvlYGrubl6K4mBdeGlCg9WXWDil5PCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-09T02:34:28.651509Z"},"content_sha256":"da19409c8aa1d546a76109ccac0c47e652967cbf5cb7cbcf8cac39e747a9dc2b","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:da19409c8aa1d546a76109ccac0c47e652967cbf5cb7cbcf8cac39e747a9dc2b"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:YG45AFMMDAJUFDQY62CYSPCI7W","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Towards Supervised and Unsupervised Neural Machine Translation Baselines for Nigerian Pidgin","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.LG"],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Kelechi Ogueji, Orevaoghene Ahia","submitted_at":"2020-03-27T22:40:01Z","abstract_excerpt":"Nigerian Pidgin is arguably the most widely spoken language in Nigeria. Variants of this language are also spoken across West and Central Africa, making it a very important language. This work aims to establish supervised and unsupervised neural machine translation (NMT) baselines between English and Nigerian Pidgin. We implement and compare NMT models with different tokenization methods, creating a solid foundation for future works."},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2003.12660","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2003.12660/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T00:51:08Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"LOkNMnQqTMAgXr6KR2IvOc1LI0oUD/AIS5hVn5X2o+E/pAfTYuI3PopYcVrVzZ8R4aFlWiAOeXJZ9h/c3PVGBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-09T02:34:28.652005Z"},"content_sha256":"70879fe9a53f9cf153c08a51a5917dcf8bad3222160e10d721dfa974026f2217","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:70879fe9a53f9cf153c08a51a5917dcf8bad3222160e10d721dfa974026f2217"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/YG45AFMMDAJUFDQY62CYSPCI7W/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/YG45AFMMDAJUFDQY62CYSPCI7W/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/YG45AFMMDAJUFDQY62CYSPCI7W/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-09T02:34:28Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/YG45AFMMDAJUFDQY62CYSPCI7W","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/YG45AFMMDAJUFDQY62CYSPCI7W/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/YG45AFMMDAJUFDQY62CYSPCI7W/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/YG45AFMMDAJUFDQY62CYSPCI7W/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:YG45AFMMDAJUFDQY62CYSPCI7W","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"917fcfb067c45843dbcae1489e1bebddaed454ac9d34833acd5bdc4856cac438","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2020-03-27T22:40:01Z","title_canon_sha256":"1d07aad13775ade24e5aeca9812394f384155c46821d28a88d2bf57dc60b39e7"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2003.12660","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2003.12660","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:51:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2003.12660v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:51:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2003.12660","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:51:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"YG45AFMMDAJU","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:51:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"YG45AFMMDAJUFDQY","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:51:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"YG45AFMM","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:51:08Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:70879fe9a53f9cf153c08a51a5917dcf8bad3222160e10d721dfa974026f2217","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:51:08Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2003.12660/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Nigerian Pidgin is arguably the most widely spoken language in Nigeria. Variants of this language are also spoken across West and Central Africa, making it a very important language. This work aims to establish supervised and unsupervised neural machine translation (NMT) baselines between English and Nigerian Pidgin. We implement and compare NMT models with different tokenization methods, creating a solid foundation for future works.","authors_text":"Kelechi Ogueji, Orevaoghene Ahia","cross_cats":["cs.LG"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2020-03-27T22:40:01Z","title":"Towards Supervised and Unsupervised Neural Machine Translation Baselines for Nigerian Pidgin"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2003.12660","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:da19409c8aa1d546a76109ccac0c47e652967cbf5cb7cbcf8cac39e747a9dc2b","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:51:08Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"917fcfb067c45843dbcae1489e1bebddaed454ac9d34833acd5bdc4856cac438","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2020-03-27T22:40:01Z","title_canon_sha256":"1d07aad13775ade24e5aeca9812394f384155c46821d28a88d2bf57dc60b39e7"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2003.12660","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"c1b9d0158c1813428e18f685893c48fdb948e4418679f105eb075231430f828a","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"c1b9d0158c1813428e18f685893c48fdb948e4418679f105eb075231430f828a","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T00:51:08.792674Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T00:51:08.792674Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"ttS1eRGMgQQClf7quCBXgJIEUQJIdKlyBZKCY/0lqVXg0iDnXvRjTCpGeeD3fMds2egreSLOedwf81vc7qGVAQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T00:51:08.793057Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2003.12660","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:da19409c8aa1d546a76109ccac0c47e652967cbf5cb7cbcf8cac39e747a9dc2b","sha256:70879fe9a53f9cf153c08a51a5917dcf8bad3222160e10d721dfa974026f2217"],"state_sha256":"f5c5a0ff1df501f2848b74a15f0f6fcda2e175118b7994196614b2ee882c823d"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"hs8eI7JSuovpPckQ91dKA8zCQs8SZvUfOpxm181apcSR8Bf1hXJThjEx60xxsVHYAH3dGfQLOW6QSv1MsuD2DA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-09T02:34:28.656686Z","bundle_sha256":"8f11216fde35e16b1308e68db8377510320a2fd89747d0b648fde4178a730f16"}}