{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2010:YGLTKKMVLPSMUG66NM7LM25JW2","short_pith_number":"pith:YGLTKKMV","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1012.5023","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.soft","submitted_at":"2010-12-22T16:07:27Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.mtrl-sci"],"title_canon_sha256":"bf6c34313a1451fa364ba5ea9489ef4b46417f437575264fb603e734ecd8b1e4","abstract_canon_sha256":"46eebb96f2ea59f4143eb942efe018f0db6d230a578f08ccdc3c6ee387a12dd2"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"c1973529955be4ca1bde6b3eb66ba9b6b6faff697989a3d19720fa3e94a1abac","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1012.5023","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1012.5023","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:29:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1012.5023v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:29:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1012.5023","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:29:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"YGLTKKMVLPSM","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"YGLTKKMVLPSMUG66","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"YGLTKKMV","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:17Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2010:YGLTKKMVLPSMUG66NM7LM25JW2","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1012.5023","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.soft","submitted_at":"2010-12-22T16:07:27Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.mtrl-sci"],"title_canon_sha256":"bf6c34313a1451fa364ba5ea9489ef4b46417f437575264fb603e734ecd8b1e4","abstract_canon_sha256":"46eebb96f2ea59f4143eb942efe018f0db6d230a578f08ccdc3c6ee387a12dd2"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"c1973529955be4ca1bde6b3eb66ba9b6b6faff697989a3d19720fa3e94a1abac","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:29:22.285633Z","signature_b64":"QFyTHsRafYqls/2gDdrdZc0l3rha50MBpPaQPxIgIwWexM62dkJc50x83o235XjULbHlhTs9cbbFEQFCdjshCA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"c1973529955be4ca1bde6b3eb66ba9b6b6faff697989a3d19720fa3e94a1abac","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:29:22.284930Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:29:22.284930Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1012.5023","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:29:22Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"yx0qi60klpBi6bU/SM1U07nuJsbje6BABMmoOcWf4+RH7URN9OJel1YDF4RBTe0BaNwoooo8AMU4m0WMbbclCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T15:53:53.371942Z"},"content_sha256":"5b5254c79a2b2146605a77b457c90b172b6be76120996ec1402d8e11ecc1a8fb","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:5b5254c79a2b2146605a77b457c90b172b6be76120996ec1402d8e11ecc1a8fb"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2010:YGLTKKMVLPSMUG66NM7LM25JW2","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Shearing of frictional sphere packings","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cond-mat.mtrl-sci"],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.soft","authors_text":"Charles Radin, Donald J. Suntrup III, Harry L. Swinney, Jean-Fran\\c{c}ois M\\'etayer, Matthias Schr\\\"oter","submitted_at":"2010-12-22T16:07:27Z","abstract_excerpt":"We measure shear response in packings of glass beads by pulling a thin, rough, metal plate vertically through a bed of volume fraction phi, which is set, before the plate is pulled, in the range 0.575 to 0.628. The yield stress is velocity independent over 4 decades and increases exponentially with phi, with a transition at phi approximately 0.595. An analysis of the measured force fluctuations indicates that the shear modulus is significantly smaller than the bulk modulus."},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1012.5023","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:29:22Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"vbourdYs9IsDin05N/SZ5n3Nc7C5htzV2RLR4LguIYGs9ymZTxTLLAsbmmIUXVCE04b3S1WUy2ImmTp7nfPaBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T15:53:53.372486Z"},"content_sha256":"1d28c2bbd865fb830a5259eacfb7aa2bc80cf28a59f6ecc919333f1321e724e0","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:1d28c2bbd865fb830a5259eacfb7aa2bc80cf28a59f6ecc919333f1321e724e0"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/YGLTKKMVLPSMUG66NM7LM25JW2/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/YGLTKKMVLPSMUG66NM7LM25JW2/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/YGLTKKMVLPSMUG66NM7LM25JW2/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-27T15:53:53Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/YGLTKKMVLPSMUG66NM7LM25JW2","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/YGLTKKMVLPSMUG66NM7LM25JW2/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/YGLTKKMVLPSMUG66NM7LM25JW2/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/YGLTKKMVLPSMUG66NM7LM25JW2/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2010:YGLTKKMVLPSMUG66NM7LM25JW2","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"46eebb96f2ea59f4143eb942efe018f0db6d230a578f08ccdc3c6ee387a12dd2","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.mtrl-sci"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.soft","submitted_at":"2010-12-22T16:07:27Z","title_canon_sha256":"bf6c34313a1451fa364ba5ea9489ef4b46417f437575264fb603e734ecd8b1e4"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1012.5023","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1012.5023","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:29:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1012.5023v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:29:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1012.5023","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:29:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"YGLTKKMVLPSM","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"YGLTKKMVLPSMUG66","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"YGLTKKMV","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:17Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:1d28c2bbd865fb830a5259eacfb7aa2bc80cf28a59f6ecc919333f1321e724e0","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:29:22Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We measure shear response in packings of glass beads by pulling a thin, rough, metal plate vertically through a bed of volume fraction phi, which is set, before the plate is pulled, in the range 0.575 to 0.628. The yield stress is velocity independent over 4 decades and increases exponentially with phi, with a transition at phi approximately 0.595. An analysis of the measured force fluctuations indicates that the shear modulus is significantly smaller than the bulk modulus.","authors_text":"Charles Radin, Donald J. Suntrup III, Harry L. Swinney, Jean-Fran\\c{c}ois M\\'etayer, Matthias Schr\\\"oter","cross_cats":["cond-mat.mtrl-sci"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.soft","submitted_at":"2010-12-22T16:07:27Z","title":"Shearing of frictional sphere packings"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1012.5023","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:5b5254c79a2b2146605a77b457c90b172b6be76120996ec1402d8e11ecc1a8fb","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:29:22Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"46eebb96f2ea59f4143eb942efe018f0db6d230a578f08ccdc3c6ee387a12dd2","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.mtrl-sci"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.soft","submitted_at":"2010-12-22T16:07:27Z","title_canon_sha256":"bf6c34313a1451fa364ba5ea9489ef4b46417f437575264fb603e734ecd8b1e4"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1012.5023","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"c1973529955be4ca1bde6b3eb66ba9b6b6faff697989a3d19720fa3e94a1abac","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"c1973529955be4ca1bde6b3eb66ba9b6b6faff697989a3d19720fa3e94a1abac","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:29:22.284930Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:29:22.284930Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"QFyTHsRafYqls/2gDdrdZc0l3rha50MBpPaQPxIgIwWexM62dkJc50x83o235XjULbHlhTs9cbbFEQFCdjshCA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:29:22.285633Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1012.5023","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:5b5254c79a2b2146605a77b457c90b172b6be76120996ec1402d8e11ecc1a8fb","sha256:1d28c2bbd865fb830a5259eacfb7aa2bc80cf28a59f6ecc919333f1321e724e0"],"state_sha256":"7476177d3041df91bb8f63e792196d1d2732d2cd741318b695e3829e404336e5"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"vru/QybZJ6QZgaKijFrGRs9TtpIQQAhgQV/+FqJil32R6Vzv9im/Nu6VaTYhKs4b077AqctnC8mg2mtEe7+EDg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T15:53:53.375342Z","bundle_sha256":"23a5ef344d542f519278ccf2cc870da8c493676f1d74183c03ac0669d1d7ac90"}}