{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:YHKJFFX6LNQV6RTNET7AM2W4LX","short_pith_number":"pith:YHKJFFX6","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2212.09252","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2022-12-19T05:17:33Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"deae48db45fac9e0f8578e2700d866a30d883494e5dc31d15cfce32282f0dc89","abstract_canon_sha256":"b0c909af6be67554072fb3d483e3cb9656233994ec54ceca5ed5810006dd5508"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"c1d49296fe5b615f466d24fe066adc5df945b64347329b1034b6949690eee09a","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2212.09252","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2212.09252","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:26:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2212.09252v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:26:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2212.09252","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:26:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"YHKJFFX6LNQV","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:26:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"YHKJFFX6LNQV6RTN","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:26:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"YHKJFFX6","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:26:59Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:YHKJFFX6LNQV6RTNET7AM2W4LX","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2212.09252","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2022-12-19T05:17:33Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"deae48db45fac9e0f8578e2700d866a30d883494e5dc31d15cfce32282f0dc89","abstract_canon_sha256":"b0c909af6be67554072fb3d483e3cb9656233994ec54ceca5ed5810006dd5508"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"c1d49296fe5b615f466d24fe066adc5df945b64347329b1034b6949690eee09a","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T05:26:59.626832Z","signature_b64":"W1/GHoamOEd6VafWs7fpvAftwxglehaXCEMIAL5kOwVYt9KbaUS6tS55N2M1PYKX8HF2lfj63ePWq+gaz2r5Cw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"c1d49296fe5b615f466d24fe066adc5df945b64347329b1034b6949690eee09a","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T05:26:59.626393Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T05:26:59.626393Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2212.09252","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T05:26:59Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"NUhN9FdpCHUPyeicXzZ+e/JeQdvMmcR675mRJ1XlsM5kgQIx/tz3VR1JH7Np65E5CdU9KTuBtWXbqtLNCdxVCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-19T13:36:00.202776Z"},"content_sha256":"e75cffe1079db29a470caa6baa4495c5a19de058254e44fb8f4fab4cbdfac8a4","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:e75cffe1079db29a470caa6baa4495c5a19de058254e44fb8f4fab4cbdfac8a4"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:YHKJFFX6LNQV6RTNET7AM2W4LX","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Mind the Knowledge Gap: A Survey of Knowledge-enhanced Dialogue Systems","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.LG"],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Katharina Kann, Lawrence Hunter, Sagi Shaier","submitted_at":"2022-12-19T05:17:33Z","abstract_excerpt":"Many dialogue systems (DSs) lack characteristics humans have, such as emotion perception, factuality, and informativeness. Enhancing DSs with knowledge alleviates this problem, but, as many ways of doing so exist, keeping track of all proposed methods is difficult. Here, we present the first survey of knowledge-enhanced DSs. We define three categories of systems - internal, external, and hybrid - based on the knowledge they use. We survey the motivation for enhancing DSs with knowledge, used datasets, and methods for knowledge search, knowledge encoding, and knowledge incorporation. Finally, w"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2212.09252","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2212.09252/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T05:26:59Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"NrYPQ40aL7GcskkPzOFV/VVskl5lsOs0nCLO7h/wMQoCDnzMwoK+eH9QfqLlXTYL4RvKMrBxEUERAyNc4Pd3BA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-19T13:36:00.203826Z"},"content_sha256":"574d9c8b11d25fef088aa7e5bda71a98cc3033ed9d2d84c5b6c874a68e1350bc","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:574d9c8b11d25fef088aa7e5bda71a98cc3033ed9d2d84c5b6c874a68e1350bc"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/YHKJFFX6LNQV6RTNET7AM2W4LX/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/YHKJFFX6LNQV6RTNET7AM2W4LX/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/YHKJFFX6LNQV6RTNET7AM2W4LX/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-19T13:36:00Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/YHKJFFX6LNQV6RTNET7AM2W4LX","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/YHKJFFX6LNQV6RTNET7AM2W4LX/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/YHKJFFX6LNQV6RTNET7AM2W4LX/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/YHKJFFX6LNQV6RTNET7AM2W4LX/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:YHKJFFX6LNQV6RTNET7AM2W4LX","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"b0c909af6be67554072fb3d483e3cb9656233994ec54ceca5ed5810006dd5508","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2022-12-19T05:17:33Z","title_canon_sha256":"deae48db45fac9e0f8578e2700d866a30d883494e5dc31d15cfce32282f0dc89"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2212.09252","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2212.09252","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:26:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2212.09252v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:26:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2212.09252","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:26:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"YHKJFFX6LNQV","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:26:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"YHKJFFX6LNQV6RTN","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:26:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"YHKJFFX6","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:26:59Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:574d9c8b11d25fef088aa7e5bda71a98cc3033ed9d2d84c5b6c874a68e1350bc","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:26:59Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2212.09252/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Many dialogue systems (DSs) lack characteristics humans have, such as emotion perception, factuality, and informativeness. Enhancing DSs with knowledge alleviates this problem, but, as many ways of doing so exist, keeping track of all proposed methods is difficult. Here, we present the first survey of knowledge-enhanced DSs. We define three categories of systems - internal, external, and hybrid - based on the knowledge they use. We survey the motivation for enhancing DSs with knowledge, used datasets, and methods for knowledge search, knowledge encoding, and knowledge incorporation. Finally, w","authors_text":"Katharina Kann, Lawrence Hunter, Sagi Shaier","cross_cats":["cs.LG"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2022-12-19T05:17:33Z","title":"Mind the Knowledge Gap: A Survey of Knowledge-enhanced Dialogue Systems"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2212.09252","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:e75cffe1079db29a470caa6baa4495c5a19de058254e44fb8f4fab4cbdfac8a4","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:26:59Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"b0c909af6be67554072fb3d483e3cb9656233994ec54ceca5ed5810006dd5508","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2022-12-19T05:17:33Z","title_canon_sha256":"deae48db45fac9e0f8578e2700d866a30d883494e5dc31d15cfce32282f0dc89"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2212.09252","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"c1d49296fe5b615f466d24fe066adc5df945b64347329b1034b6949690eee09a","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"c1d49296fe5b615f466d24fe066adc5df945b64347329b1034b6949690eee09a","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T05:26:59.626393Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T05:26:59.626393Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"W1/GHoamOEd6VafWs7fpvAftwxglehaXCEMIAL5kOwVYt9KbaUS6tS55N2M1PYKX8HF2lfj63ePWq+gaz2r5Cw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T05:26:59.626832Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2212.09252","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:e75cffe1079db29a470caa6baa4495c5a19de058254e44fb8f4fab4cbdfac8a4","sha256:574d9c8b11d25fef088aa7e5bda71a98cc3033ed9d2d84c5b6c874a68e1350bc"],"state_sha256":"9d5a15e8761733a404778ccb4f4184a33f2238b4dabc9024a102f317aaf44892"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"kSdPRm34c6Mj39DcjgDlOXsZwT9Xf6Fi2e2obnrIzZaWaFcB2eMqxJJ7fTEVFaSGCFTKX8b2aa7XEGdGAlWYCw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-19T13:36:00.211641Z","bundle_sha256":"bb9081b841e59dcf92f63be4b07f2c7d58773c96824f1dc3ece314d41adb025b"}}