{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2021:YISVVJHUXR2NLTYWEJVTLDMQSV","short_pith_number":"pith:YISVVJHU","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"c2255aa4f4bc74d5cf16226b358d909549c29eed5f93b31e065dffae018d59d0","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2111.15016","version":1},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Joint Modeling of Code-Switched and Monolingual ASR via Conditional Factorization","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.SD","eess.AS"],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Brian Yan, Chao Weng, Chunlei Zhang, Dan Berrebbi, Dong Yu, Meng Yu, Shinji Watanabe, Shi-Xiong Zhang, Siddharth Dalmia","submitted_at":"2021-11-29T23:14:54Z","abstract_excerpt":"Conversational bilingual speech encompasses three types of utterances: two purely monolingual types and one intra-sententially code-switched type. In this work, we propose a general framework to jointly model the likelihoods of the monolingual and code-switch sub-tasks that comprise bilingual speech recognition. By defining the monolingual sub-tasks with label-to-frame synchronization, our joint modeling framework can be conditionally factorized such that the final bilingual output, which may or may not be code-switched, is obtained given only monolingual information. We show that this conditi"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2111.15016","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2021-11-29T23:14:54Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.SD","eess.AS"],"title_canon_sha256":"f3ec777f38e9a58feb6233a125d6f8bf5198fd61123a78d9f8764b8f3d56cf97","abstract_canon_sha256":"b891710f12440565d22c05c9f0c41610f3c3e11551ddb3265d16c8e15f74ed3f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T03:36:21.783993Z","signature_b64":"ApC969p2t6A9CAFF2A/WRg+B8FZZPiZtq3xqly0mM01Fn3RxM20uNKt+wGCeiXctiEtsdTxdI80mKkZ3h5dACw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"c2255aa4f4bc74d5cf16226b358d909549c29eed5f93b31e065dffae018d59d0","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T03:36:21.783471Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T03:36:21.783471Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Joint Modeling of Code-Switched and Monolingual ASR via Conditional Factorization","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.SD","eess.AS"],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Brian Yan, Chao Weng, Chunlei Zhang, Dan Berrebbi, Dong Yu, Meng Yu, Shinji Watanabe, Shi-Xiong Zhang, Siddharth Dalmia","submitted_at":"2021-11-29T23:14:54Z","abstract_excerpt":"Conversational bilingual speech encompasses three types of utterances: two purely monolingual types and one intra-sententially code-switched type. In this work, we propose a general framework to jointly model the likelihoods of the monolingual and code-switch sub-tasks that comprise bilingual speech recognition. By defining the monolingual sub-tasks with label-to-frame synchronization, our joint modeling framework can be conditionally factorized such that the final bilingual output, which may or may not be code-switched, is obtained given only monolingual information. We show that this conditi"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2111.15016","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2111.15016/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2111.15016","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:36:21.783539+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2111.15016v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:36:21.783539+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2111.15016","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:36:21.783539+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"YISVVJHUXR2N","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:36:21.783539+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"YISVVJHUXR2NLTYW","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:36:21.783539+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"YISVVJHU","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:36:21.783539+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":0,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/YISVVJHUXR2NLTYWEJVTLDMQSV","json":"https://pith.science/pith/YISVVJHUXR2NLTYWEJVTLDMQSV.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/YISVVJHUXR2NLTYWEJVTLDMQSV/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/YISVVJHUXR2NLTYWEJVTLDMQSV/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/YISVVJHU"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/YISVVJHUXR2NLTYWEJVTLDMQSV","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/YISVVJHUXR2NLTYWEJVTLDMQSV.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/YISVVJHU","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=2111.15016&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/YISVVJHUXR2NLTYWEJVTLDMQSV/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/YISVVJHUXR2NLTYWEJVTLDMQSV/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/YISVVJHUXR2NLTYWEJVTLDMQSV/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/YISVVJHUXR2NLTYWEJVTLDMQSV/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/YISVVJHUXR2NLTYWEJVTLDMQSV/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/YISVVJHUXR2NLTYWEJVTLDMQSV/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/YISVVJHUXR2NLTYWEJVTLDMQSV/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-07-05T03:36:21.783539+00:00","updated_at":"2026-07-05T03:36:21.783539+00:00"}