{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:YKQC7QHC3EHDBH4DKQISEYU4WB","short_pith_number":"pith:YKQC7QHC","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1604.00055","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","submitted_at":"2016-03-31T21:26:17Z","cross_cats_sorted":["q-bio.PE","stat.AP"],"title_canon_sha256":"5b5bfca73bb0dc23232b96288bb16c07754a2b25640a8c89715dfb1975bc1fd7","abstract_canon_sha256":"e9ac8bbf00da0c048e09cf4a432b5c11c7ee3b2b1abc9466d102d1f50ba6430e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"c2a02fc0e2d90e309f83541122629cb04c413b8a106e213bfa4aa3bf51bb1d18","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1604.00055","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1604.00055","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:17:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1604.00055v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:17:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1604.00055","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:17:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"YKQC7QHC3EHD","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"YKQC7QHC3EHDBH4D","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"YKQC7QHC","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:53Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:YKQC7QHC3EHDBH4DKQISEYU4WB","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1604.00055","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","submitted_at":"2016-03-31T21:26:17Z","cross_cats_sorted":["q-bio.PE","stat.AP"],"title_canon_sha256":"5b5bfca73bb0dc23232b96288bb16c07754a2b25640a8c89715dfb1975bc1fd7","abstract_canon_sha256":"e9ac8bbf00da0c048e09cf4a432b5c11c7ee3b2b1abc9466d102d1f50ba6430e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"c2a02fc0e2d90e309f83541122629cb04c413b8a106e213bfa4aa3bf51bb1d18","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:17:16.759865Z","signature_b64":"EVU52G3i5/J82gd0mVXDKGu/Wxvf0094BHSQYJ+5Nedn2iV6KbDSSc6dZ/waj7Jj2uK7gW1Qkkxb3YYNVR4pCQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"c2a02fc0e2d90e309f83541122629cb04c413b8a106e213bfa4aa3bf51bb1d18","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:17:16.759207Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:17:16.759207Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1604.00055","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:17:16Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Rq+fvuxQRPqgorwk5IfLo4O1pCUnFSUqDLPqJNe8H5MfVWjvRJWcZo4IKwQwoO+RnKD4iZBmr++mF2aCyDjmBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-30T08:13:19.438114Z"},"content_sha256":"8d25ab5cc708b21f6088f9d56e975f3a0b8d7e8f1ff0c707f01ad87ca4ef7249","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:8d25ab5cc708b21f6088f9d56e975f3a0b8d7e8f1ff0c707f01ad87ca4ef7249"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:YKQC7QHC3EHDBH4DKQISEYU4WB","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Competition and extinction explain the evolution of diversity in American automobiles","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["q-bio.PE","stat.AP"],"primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","authors_text":"Christopher Kelty, Daniele Silvestro, Erik Gjesfjeld, Jonathan Chang, Michael Alfaro","submitted_at":"2016-03-31T21:26:17Z","abstract_excerpt":"One of the most remarkable aspects of our species is that while we show surprisingly little genetic diversity, we demonstrate astonishing amounts of cultural diversity. Perhaps most impressive is the diversity of our technologies, broadly defined as all the physical objects we produce and the skills we use to produce them. Despite considerable focus on the evolution of technology by social scientists and philosophers, there have been few attempts to systematically quantify technological diversity and therefore the dynamics of technological change remain poorly understood. Here we show a novel "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1604.00055","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:17:16Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"zbaUgKdp3Yc3EyCa+RsDF8hCa4u6G1EcyMQuBLB1I/W/XuSitLf3E6liptJH7W/vb+NbVQvM03S+dpctFvGlDQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-30T08:13:19.438760Z"},"content_sha256":"91c127f5c890eccccd713f79b7f0f15d830f8921138d923e9e7f05509fd45302","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:91c127f5c890eccccd713f79b7f0f15d830f8921138d923e9e7f05509fd45302"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/YKQC7QHC3EHDBH4DKQISEYU4WB/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/YKQC7QHC3EHDBH4DKQISEYU4WB/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/YKQC7QHC3EHDBH4DKQISEYU4WB/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-30T08:13:19Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/YKQC7QHC3EHDBH4DKQISEYU4WB","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/YKQC7QHC3EHDBH4DKQISEYU4WB/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/YKQC7QHC3EHDBH4DKQISEYU4WB/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/YKQC7QHC3EHDBH4DKQISEYU4WB/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:YKQC7QHC3EHDBH4DKQISEYU4WB","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"e9ac8bbf00da0c048e09cf4a432b5c11c7ee3b2b1abc9466d102d1f50ba6430e","cross_cats_sorted":["q-bio.PE","stat.AP"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","submitted_at":"2016-03-31T21:26:17Z","title_canon_sha256":"5b5bfca73bb0dc23232b96288bb16c07754a2b25640a8c89715dfb1975bc1fd7"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1604.00055","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1604.00055","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:17:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1604.00055v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:17:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1604.00055","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:17:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"YKQC7QHC3EHD","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"YKQC7QHC3EHDBH4D","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"YKQC7QHC","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:53Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:91c127f5c890eccccd713f79b7f0f15d830f8921138d923e9e7f05509fd45302","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:17:16Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"One of the most remarkable aspects of our species is that while we show surprisingly little genetic diversity, we demonstrate astonishing amounts of cultural diversity. Perhaps most impressive is the diversity of our technologies, broadly defined as all the physical objects we produce and the skills we use to produce them. Despite considerable focus on the evolution of technology by social scientists and philosophers, there have been few attempts to systematically quantify technological diversity and therefore the dynamics of technological change remain poorly understood. Here we show a novel ","authors_text":"Christopher Kelty, Daniele Silvestro, Erik Gjesfjeld, Jonathan Chang, Michael Alfaro","cross_cats":["q-bio.PE","stat.AP"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","submitted_at":"2016-03-31T21:26:17Z","title":"Competition and extinction explain the evolution of diversity in American automobiles"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1604.00055","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:8d25ab5cc708b21f6088f9d56e975f3a0b8d7e8f1ff0c707f01ad87ca4ef7249","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:17:16Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"e9ac8bbf00da0c048e09cf4a432b5c11c7ee3b2b1abc9466d102d1f50ba6430e","cross_cats_sorted":["q-bio.PE","stat.AP"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","submitted_at":"2016-03-31T21:26:17Z","title_canon_sha256":"5b5bfca73bb0dc23232b96288bb16c07754a2b25640a8c89715dfb1975bc1fd7"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1604.00055","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"c2a02fc0e2d90e309f83541122629cb04c413b8a106e213bfa4aa3bf51bb1d18","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"c2a02fc0e2d90e309f83541122629cb04c413b8a106e213bfa4aa3bf51bb1d18","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:17:16.759207Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:17:16.759207Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"EVU52G3i5/J82gd0mVXDKGu/Wxvf0094BHSQYJ+5Nedn2iV6KbDSSc6dZ/waj7Jj2uK7gW1Qkkxb3YYNVR4pCQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:17:16.759865Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1604.00055","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:8d25ab5cc708b21f6088f9d56e975f3a0b8d7e8f1ff0c707f01ad87ca4ef7249","sha256:91c127f5c890eccccd713f79b7f0f15d830f8921138d923e9e7f05509fd45302"],"state_sha256":"852d7264d251e68ac56d0d1418d1a571696b21cf493f020a206ef459e676558e"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"fB7AabR04SNntqOyum9o3r1sQctVyGJ3lrDWIi/FeRNyj4ofHAPSEup1kSfy+NAaovVdcKhJCxIUDJy1wlGGBg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-30T08:13:19.441997Z","bundle_sha256":"8f6d8503ae06e63ac2408934fcd42b14a98bd1c6bd14f3de1ab38c3714e57f9e"}}