{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:YKVTWBMVQLMZTXX64TLLHDMO7Z","short_pith_number":"pith:YKVTWBMV","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1811.04571","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2018-11-12T06:05:24Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.app-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"c8deed05c22d9cc6507896001192bd6a6144a96e1f03580c4c148f1bd754db30","abstract_canon_sha256":"803c8a9a0f29e5fb40b3b9f7bc67c546cf6f457e1e560db4385c093001f75c91"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"c2ab3b059582d999defee4d6b38d8efe666aff5266535ba456ab09ec79eebae0","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1811.04571","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1811.04571","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:50:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1811.04571v2","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:50:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1811.04571","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:50:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"YKVTWBMVQLMZ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"YKVTWBMVQLMZTXX6","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"YKVTWBMV","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:04Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:YKVTWBMVQLMZTXX64TLLHDMO7Z","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1811.04571","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2018-11-12T06:05:24Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.app-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"c8deed05c22d9cc6507896001192bd6a6144a96e1f03580c4c148f1bd754db30","abstract_canon_sha256":"803c8a9a0f29e5fb40b3b9f7bc67c546cf6f457e1e560db4385c093001f75c91"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"c2ab3b059582d999defee4d6b38d8efe666aff5266535ba456ab09ec79eebae0","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:50:11.482710Z","signature_b64":"1S1/e9Vounx7I4lLGen2GNrXahF/32RBZQ0Jg00Jtp6T0UMcuitkHtc7R2S3NYoavbf27y9GGDYE/Z/aAf4uBQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"c2ab3b059582d999defee4d6b38d8efe666aff5266535ba456ab09ec79eebae0","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:50:11.482038Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:50:11.482038Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1811.04571","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:50:11Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"nqDyDo+UCFY1ZyfLPOmskpTh7N3lyMdg+acAeVe6ZJ7bwGXVhFnGTnyn+c73tcqL0SV1baQ8jKMgdMoIzjWkAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-07T20:19:03.010023Z"},"content_sha256":"3f06feb1acaee9512901f79ccfa41d3e5f8548f3419c25c128290d954b8ff721","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:3f06feb1acaee9512901f79ccfa41d3e5f8548f3419c25c128290d954b8ff721"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:YKVTWBMVQLMZTXX64TLLHDMO7Z","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Exploration of Micro-VCSEL Ultra-low Biasing Scheme for Pulse Generation","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["physics.app-ph"],"primary_cat":"physics.optics","authors_text":"Gaofeng Wang, Gian Luca Lippi, Gian Piero Puccioni, Tao Wang","submitted_at":"2018-11-12T06:05:24Z","abstract_excerpt":"The generation of optical pulses at ultra low bias level, thus low energy cost, is explored in a commercial microcavity semiconductor laser in view of testing the principle of energy efficient information encoding in potential integrated schemes. Sequences of regular, highly nonlinear pulses with acceptable amplitude stability are obtained from a commercial device as potential sources of bits where the information is added by post-treatment (pulse removal). A discussion on the energy expenditure per bit is offered, together with the optimal frequency for pulse generation, which is found to lie"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1811.04571","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:50:11Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"FJlFk9euTtMOiXFeT+p5DS5TxDyrBxKwV8I1OF4BCPvXSN5ML6CxNXm5wJwdMYuu5y8JOewYxggvCxhK20U8Bw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-07T20:19:03.010705Z"},"content_sha256":"6dc3d14698d86b0e94db263961119c82a4969c28bbe9068c8643fb0f7caf0fa0","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:6dc3d14698d86b0e94db263961119c82a4969c28bbe9068c8643fb0f7caf0fa0"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/YKVTWBMVQLMZTXX64TLLHDMO7Z/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/YKVTWBMVQLMZTXX64TLLHDMO7Z/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/YKVTWBMVQLMZTXX64TLLHDMO7Z/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-07T20:19:03Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/YKVTWBMVQLMZTXX64TLLHDMO7Z","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/YKVTWBMVQLMZTXX64TLLHDMO7Z/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/YKVTWBMVQLMZTXX64TLLHDMO7Z/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/YKVTWBMVQLMZTXX64TLLHDMO7Z/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:YKVTWBMVQLMZTXX64TLLHDMO7Z","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"803c8a9a0f29e5fb40b3b9f7bc67c546cf6f457e1e560db4385c093001f75c91","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.app-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2018-11-12T06:05:24Z","title_canon_sha256":"c8deed05c22d9cc6507896001192bd6a6144a96e1f03580c4c148f1bd754db30"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1811.04571","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1811.04571","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:50:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1811.04571v2","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:50:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1811.04571","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:50:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"YKVTWBMVQLMZ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"YKVTWBMVQLMZTXX6","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"YKVTWBMV","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:04Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:6dc3d14698d86b0e94db263961119c82a4969c28bbe9068c8643fb0f7caf0fa0","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:50:11Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The generation of optical pulses at ultra low bias level, thus low energy cost, is explored in a commercial microcavity semiconductor laser in view of testing the principle of energy efficient information encoding in potential integrated schemes. Sequences of regular, highly nonlinear pulses with acceptable amplitude stability are obtained from a commercial device as potential sources of bits where the information is added by post-treatment (pulse removal). A discussion on the energy expenditure per bit is offered, together with the optimal frequency for pulse generation, which is found to lie","authors_text":"Gaofeng Wang, Gian Luca Lippi, Gian Piero Puccioni, Tao Wang","cross_cats":["physics.app-ph"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2018-11-12T06:05:24Z","title":"Exploration of Micro-VCSEL Ultra-low Biasing Scheme for Pulse Generation"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1811.04571","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:3f06feb1acaee9512901f79ccfa41d3e5f8548f3419c25c128290d954b8ff721","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:50:11Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"803c8a9a0f29e5fb40b3b9f7bc67c546cf6f457e1e560db4385c093001f75c91","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.app-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2018-11-12T06:05:24Z","title_canon_sha256":"c8deed05c22d9cc6507896001192bd6a6144a96e1f03580c4c148f1bd754db30"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1811.04571","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"c2ab3b059582d999defee4d6b38d8efe666aff5266535ba456ab09ec79eebae0","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"c2ab3b059582d999defee4d6b38d8efe666aff5266535ba456ab09ec79eebae0","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:50:11.482038Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:50:11.482038Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"1S1/e9Vounx7I4lLGen2GNrXahF/32RBZQ0Jg00Jtp6T0UMcuitkHtc7R2S3NYoavbf27y9GGDYE/Z/aAf4uBQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:50:11.482710Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1811.04571","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:3f06feb1acaee9512901f79ccfa41d3e5f8548f3419c25c128290d954b8ff721","sha256:6dc3d14698d86b0e94db263961119c82a4969c28bbe9068c8643fb0f7caf0fa0"],"state_sha256":"ec1152cea1c0e7369b33b9f7979f71faca5b906de6188d8dbb3eec93fa2793d5"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"M7Jc9uSS8BLR67MhucZ5ZFz7KsZzDZH8GX180y0RouOTpnbSpbN0xvJ43BemFrEN03ZIAvph++gJX3x+oP9KDw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-07T20:19:03.014179Z","bundle_sha256":"59fabd2241b84d0b8f8c3556bdb3cbebb3b2256786ffe6c81146a4625ae1fce9"}}