{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:YNZUJ6GKJJZSCAI4ODPHL4ML22","short_pith_number":"pith:YNZUJ6GK","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1211.0664","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/","primary_cat":"hep-lat","submitted_at":"2012-11-04T06:58:26Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"adb0320d0b90958c9bae227d4be2455a301f51ce89d94b261375c873d4644ba8","abstract_canon_sha256":"c122e1658686719a390198fe2294870fee7addbb19f9d379238deecd8b0a7c4d"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"c37344f8ca4a7321011c70de75f18bd689a1a5970658503665b8f7456bb96d31","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1211.0664","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1211.0664","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:41:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1211.0664v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:41:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1211.0664","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:41:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"YNZUJ6GKJJZS","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"YNZUJ6GKJJZSCAI4","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"YNZUJ6GK","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:27Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:YNZUJ6GKJJZSCAI4ODPHL4ML22","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1211.0664","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/","primary_cat":"hep-lat","submitted_at":"2012-11-04T06:58:26Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"adb0320d0b90958c9bae227d4be2455a301f51ce89d94b261375c873d4644ba8","abstract_canon_sha256":"c122e1658686719a390198fe2294870fee7addbb19f9d379238deecd8b0a7c4d"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"c37344f8ca4a7321011c70de75f18bd689a1a5970658503665b8f7456bb96d31","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:41:32.836677Z","signature_b64":"a3rmr0zMyEunC1uQYWsUQ/GoGZRa64r55im5D9vO1lOxM+yFFSVWgjy0xWYJlj5bbpn0vokJbrPhvejSRmogCA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"c37344f8ca4a7321011c70de75f18bd689a1a5970658503665b8f7456bb96d31","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:41:32.836179Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:41:32.836179Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1211.0664","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:41:32Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"yjUDfUo41fh1I/hGKeSb/VdDwMfz64e3Hnly5iyutmdJ+uV1ues2//nkaEZXrfWSNnQOIbWAsnE/W9temHuXBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T21:54:33.632198Z"},"content_sha256":"fa40c324e10ed8ad45fc956ecb94ce888837a0a2f86c867b9b38ef72ab92aed9","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:fa40c324e10ed8ad45fc956ecb94ce888837a0a2f86c867b9b38ef72ab92aed9"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:YNZUJ6GKJJZSCAI4ODPHL4ML22","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"String tension from gauge invariant Magnetic Monopoles","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"hep-lat","authors_text":"Jaehoon Leem, Nigel Cundy, Weonjong Lee, Y. M. Cho","submitted_at":"2012-11-04T06:58:26Z","abstract_excerpt":"We investigate the relationship between colour confinement and the monopoles derived from the Cho-Duan-Ge decomposition. These monopoles, unlike Dirac and 't Hooft monopoles, do not require a singular gauge field and are defined for any choice of gauge (and are not just restricted to, for example, the maximum Abelian gauge). The Abelian decomposition is defined in terms of a colour field $n$; the principle novelty of our study is that we have used a unique definition of this field in terms of the eigenvectors of the Wilson Loop. This allows us to investigate the relationship between the gauge "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1211.0664","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:41:32Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"1MnCg1zCES2gEBssU8MZaGrV7DuLm1StRw959oKseUSfDdKLwTuDCfQcoxPxhV4EGFjIXj5aGwPKLdjFFDsMDA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T21:54:33.632584Z"},"content_sha256":"6e432d3d9a8888bb09f434fe336987cd1f3d8f9fe11a791d58732bbcfb4ec44a","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:6e432d3d9a8888bb09f434fe336987cd1f3d8f9fe11a791d58732bbcfb4ec44a"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/YNZUJ6GKJJZSCAI4ODPHL4ML22/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/YNZUJ6GKJJZSCAI4ODPHL4ML22/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/YNZUJ6GKJJZSCAI4ODPHL4ML22/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-26T21:54:33Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/YNZUJ6GKJJZSCAI4ODPHL4ML22","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/YNZUJ6GKJJZSCAI4ODPHL4ML22/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/YNZUJ6GKJJZSCAI4ODPHL4ML22/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/YNZUJ6GKJJZSCAI4ODPHL4ML22/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:YNZUJ6GKJJZSCAI4ODPHL4ML22","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"c122e1658686719a390198fe2294870fee7addbb19f9d379238deecd8b0a7c4d","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/","primary_cat":"hep-lat","submitted_at":"2012-11-04T06:58:26Z","title_canon_sha256":"adb0320d0b90958c9bae227d4be2455a301f51ce89d94b261375c873d4644ba8"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1211.0664","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1211.0664","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:41:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1211.0664v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:41:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1211.0664","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:41:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"YNZUJ6GKJJZS","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"YNZUJ6GKJJZSCAI4","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"YNZUJ6GK","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:27Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:6e432d3d9a8888bb09f434fe336987cd1f3d8f9fe11a791d58732bbcfb4ec44a","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:41:32Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We investigate the relationship between colour confinement and the monopoles derived from the Cho-Duan-Ge decomposition. These monopoles, unlike Dirac and 't Hooft monopoles, do not require a singular gauge field and are defined for any choice of gauge (and are not just restricted to, for example, the maximum Abelian gauge). The Abelian decomposition is defined in terms of a colour field $n$; the principle novelty of our study is that we have used a unique definition of this field in terms of the eigenvectors of the Wilson Loop. This allows us to investigate the relationship between the gauge ","authors_text":"Jaehoon Leem, Nigel Cundy, Weonjong Lee, Y. M. Cho","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/","primary_cat":"hep-lat","submitted_at":"2012-11-04T06:58:26Z","title":"String tension from gauge invariant Magnetic Monopoles"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1211.0664","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:fa40c324e10ed8ad45fc956ecb94ce888837a0a2f86c867b9b38ef72ab92aed9","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:41:32Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"c122e1658686719a390198fe2294870fee7addbb19f9d379238deecd8b0a7c4d","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/","primary_cat":"hep-lat","submitted_at":"2012-11-04T06:58:26Z","title_canon_sha256":"adb0320d0b90958c9bae227d4be2455a301f51ce89d94b261375c873d4644ba8"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1211.0664","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"c37344f8ca4a7321011c70de75f18bd689a1a5970658503665b8f7456bb96d31","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"c37344f8ca4a7321011c70de75f18bd689a1a5970658503665b8f7456bb96d31","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:41:32.836179Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:41:32.836179Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"a3rmr0zMyEunC1uQYWsUQ/GoGZRa64r55im5D9vO1lOxM+yFFSVWgjy0xWYJlj5bbpn0vokJbrPhvejSRmogCA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:41:32.836677Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1211.0664","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:fa40c324e10ed8ad45fc956ecb94ce888837a0a2f86c867b9b38ef72ab92aed9","sha256:6e432d3d9a8888bb09f434fe336987cd1f3d8f9fe11a791d58732bbcfb4ec44a"],"state_sha256":"a82e4720bb393a70c3b21d9240aa40103ab23c0270c88e923c58b6f288f8fdc6"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"n/p7CO7uqnMDKE4YPZNeFVkia1UGHd9uibxryzYzo8ctTL5EoGHyE9xW8pOJGzfYOWKZEBVvB1Fg8WZ6R83NAw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T21:54:33.635298Z","bundle_sha256":"8888f94ab69cdaa524f902032384e8bae36675f853d63e9a6464a158c6747aff"}}