{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:YO5BTQ2GZ2K2DQJAL5V57EWLZU","short_pith_number":"pith:YO5BTQ2G","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2401.01154","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2024-01-02T11:08:39Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"80ea6dfc8912d014eb17f78df894c7f23669458569b4f24835cd874b42383bce","abstract_canon_sha256":"210e6ab56b2dc55d926e4ad0cb7b8992bf16d95824833212cac1a31499d342ae"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"c3ba19c346ce95a1c1205f6bdf92cbcd288cbec10f2e53425dd97dc3b1a81f71","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2401.01154","version":4},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2401.01154","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:57:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2401.01154v4","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:57:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2401.01154","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:57:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"YO5BTQ2GZ2K2","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:57:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"YO5BTQ2GZ2K2DQJA","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:57:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"YO5BTQ2G","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:57:39Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:YO5BTQ2GZ2K2DQJAL5V57EWLZU","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2401.01154","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2024-01-02T11:08:39Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"80ea6dfc8912d014eb17f78df894c7f23669458569b4f24835cd874b42383bce","abstract_canon_sha256":"210e6ab56b2dc55d926e4ad0cb7b8992bf16d95824833212cac1a31499d342ae"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"c3ba19c346ce95a1c1205f6bdf92cbcd288cbec10f2e53425dd97dc3b1a81f71","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T09:57:39.109999Z","signature_b64":"v5vpR5G2I+8KyAvgSl6+RFdFjca45Fr8CMwyTPWXwOxHSedmI0Ou+osXeRMzDLkvR3EpeZufDHU6bE+bhkaABQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"c3ba19c346ce95a1c1205f6bdf92cbcd288cbec10f2e53425dd97dc3b1a81f71","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T09:57:39.109508Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T09:57:39.109508Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2401.01154","source_version":4,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T09:57:39Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"TBd5aa9x4sCB3gL3FCTY+35o+jxLySLXH9tRxytDBPvlrAzI6eyzs1vTHcLz+FZmPJjmSXhU7XF+P792jRpdAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-18T13:55:15.468271Z"},"content_sha256":"aaaf1bd72b1370ed9ec6b112a271c10f2832074147a415c6968a3ccc5c7bc795","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:aaaf1bd72b1370ed9ec6b112a271c10f2832074147a415c6968a3ccc5c7bc795"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:YO5BTQ2GZ2K2DQJAL5V57EWLZU","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Applying Bayesian Data Analysis for Causal Inference about Requirements Quality: A Controlled Experiment","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.SE","authors_text":"Daniel Mendez, Davide Fucci, Jannik Fischbach, Julian Frattini, Lloyd Montgomery, Michael Unterkalmsteiner, Richard Torkar","submitted_at":"2024-01-02T11:08:39Z","abstract_excerpt":"It is commonly accepted that the quality of requirements specifications impacts subsequent software engineering activities. However, we still lack empirical evidence to support organizations in deciding whether their requirements are good enough or impede subsequent activities. We aim to contribute empirical evidence to the effect that requirements quality defects have on a software engineering activity that depends on this requirement. We conduct a controlled experiment in which 25 participants from industry and university generate domain models from four natural language requirements contain"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2401.01154","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2401.01154/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T09:57:39Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"rsjdvVeu3FQsdjbH+QHUpWKi8GzBUAG7PCUbA7mRwwjrXrhlv0uCV+CLAj74aKCapL/3w5DBmBQ6rjBEuOElCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-18T13:55:15.470473Z"},"content_sha256":"18a01b64fe9795842479590b08461f63f5c19a8edac2ef6b9012c34f4bc9569d","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:18a01b64fe9795842479590b08461f63f5c19a8edac2ef6b9012c34f4bc9569d"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/YO5BTQ2GZ2K2DQJAL5V57EWLZU/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/YO5BTQ2GZ2K2DQJAL5V57EWLZU/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/YO5BTQ2GZ2K2DQJAL5V57EWLZU/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-18T13:55:15Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/YO5BTQ2GZ2K2DQJAL5V57EWLZU","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/YO5BTQ2GZ2K2DQJAL5V57EWLZU/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/YO5BTQ2GZ2K2DQJAL5V57EWLZU/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/YO5BTQ2GZ2K2DQJAL5V57EWLZU/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:YO5BTQ2GZ2K2DQJAL5V57EWLZU","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"210e6ab56b2dc55d926e4ad0cb7b8992bf16d95824833212cac1a31499d342ae","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2024-01-02T11:08:39Z","title_canon_sha256":"80ea6dfc8912d014eb17f78df894c7f23669458569b4f24835cd874b42383bce"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2401.01154","kind":"arxiv","version":4}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2401.01154","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:57:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2401.01154v4","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:57:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2401.01154","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:57:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"YO5BTQ2GZ2K2","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:57:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"YO5BTQ2GZ2K2DQJA","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:57:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"YO5BTQ2G","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:57:39Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:18a01b64fe9795842479590b08461f63f5c19a8edac2ef6b9012c34f4bc9569d","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:57:39Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2401.01154/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"It is commonly accepted that the quality of requirements specifications impacts subsequent software engineering activities. However, we still lack empirical evidence to support organizations in deciding whether their requirements are good enough or impede subsequent activities. We aim to contribute empirical evidence to the effect that requirements quality defects have on a software engineering activity that depends on this requirement. We conduct a controlled experiment in which 25 participants from industry and university generate domain models from four natural language requirements contain","authors_text":"Daniel Mendez, Davide Fucci, Jannik Fischbach, Julian Frattini, Lloyd Montgomery, Michael Unterkalmsteiner, Richard Torkar","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2024-01-02T11:08:39Z","title":"Applying Bayesian Data Analysis for Causal Inference about Requirements Quality: A Controlled Experiment"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2401.01154","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:aaaf1bd72b1370ed9ec6b112a271c10f2832074147a415c6968a3ccc5c7bc795","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:57:39Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"210e6ab56b2dc55d926e4ad0cb7b8992bf16d95824833212cac1a31499d342ae","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2024-01-02T11:08:39Z","title_canon_sha256":"80ea6dfc8912d014eb17f78df894c7f23669458569b4f24835cd874b42383bce"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2401.01154","kind":"arxiv","version":4}},"canonical_sha256":"c3ba19c346ce95a1c1205f6bdf92cbcd288cbec10f2e53425dd97dc3b1a81f71","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"c3ba19c346ce95a1c1205f6bdf92cbcd288cbec10f2e53425dd97dc3b1a81f71","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T09:57:39.109508Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T09:57:39.109508Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"v5vpR5G2I+8KyAvgSl6+RFdFjca45Fr8CMwyTPWXwOxHSedmI0Ou+osXeRMzDLkvR3EpeZufDHU6bE+bhkaABQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T09:57:39.109999Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2401.01154","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":4}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:aaaf1bd72b1370ed9ec6b112a271c10f2832074147a415c6968a3ccc5c7bc795","sha256:18a01b64fe9795842479590b08461f63f5c19a8edac2ef6b9012c34f4bc9569d"],"state_sha256":"6b41def20dccec9493c760db700394f871e0e4142e4946362e2eb701e3560102"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"IW0U2WsKWtYmFRLLz11B3nvkZh+4ocf4kya5pGSNtMCU01NT8zzVXmGef7eM3rSRvWSVgPTwcLLn/Ygbn0GfCg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-18T13:55:15.491102Z","bundle_sha256":"0681693ce838c5ed9f2ec698f7a2ab6f1e3c31e4081f52054e54d34dc6d15b5c"}}