{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:YOBQQS2S54XO5QN2PVEDI7OUET","short_pith_number":"pith:YOBQQS2S","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2108.05389","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2021-08-11T18:09:22Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.HE"],"title_canon_sha256":"7a70c1e01f5a35ad6aa6933d3a3253cdd0f18744f68ef0c8cc264c161ee63797","abstract_canon_sha256":"e23a36219550f8a08d9ed521c3f4e86339950332c1f698558808460dec3d268b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"c383084b52ef2eeec1ba7d48347dd424fb9dc8abc7bdc6d3e99d1c4d7d226ec7","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2108.05389","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2108.05389","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:09:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2108.05389v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:09:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2108.05389","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:09:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"YOBQQS2S54XO","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:09:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"YOBQQS2S54XO5QN2","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:09:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"YOBQQS2S","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:09:13Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:YOBQQS2S54XO5QN2PVEDI7OUET","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2108.05389","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2021-08-11T18:09:22Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.HE"],"title_canon_sha256":"7a70c1e01f5a35ad6aa6933d3a3253cdd0f18744f68ef0c8cc264c161ee63797","abstract_canon_sha256":"e23a36219550f8a08d9ed521c3f4e86339950332c1f698558808460dec3d268b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"c383084b52ef2eeec1ba7d48347dd424fb9dc8abc7bdc6d3e99d1c4d7d226ec7","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T03:09:13.169227Z","signature_b64":"1pxf+7+GRX4doC5UEybwzwDj/K059iAH1V+oZT87UFZ39tahrhbMCvul49W3i90qLmctBNZdzEmSdm7qsjtyAw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"c383084b52ef2eeec1ba7d48347dd424fb9dc8abc7bdc6d3e99d1c4d7d226ec7","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T03:09:13.168824Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T03:09:13.168824Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2108.05389","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T03:09:13Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"QwMzdDm8g5IG49I84UhPFqNbLjv8GfW3Bkildq1asVHJpKH2CzssTUH8HsJYeVMryBuzwEat3xbGfQBD6StyDA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-16T05:23:48.220267Z"},"content_sha256":"827437e7e5e2b1f0b7bdbc6230ed823dc7b704f5a77d15f327a140dd33a1a966","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:827437e7e5e2b1f0b7bdbc6230ed823dc7b704f5a77d15f327a140dd33a1a966"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:YOBQQS2S54XO5QN2PVEDI7OUET","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"A characteristic optical variability timescale in astrophysical accretion disks","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.HE"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","authors_text":"Charles F. Gammie, Christopher W. Morgan, Colin J. Burke, Ian M. McHardy, Keith Horne, Omer Blaes, Qian Yang, Simone Scaringi, Xin Liu, Yan-Fei Jiang, Yue Shen","submitted_at":"2021-08-11T18:09:22Z","abstract_excerpt":"Accretion disks around supermassive black holes in active galactic nuclei produce continuum radiation at ultraviolet and optical wavelengths. Physical processes in the accretion flow lead to stochastic variability of this emission on a wide range of timescales. We measure the optical continuum variability observed in 67 active galactic nuclei and the characteristic timescale at which the variability power spectrum flattens. We find a correlation between this timescale and the black hole mass, extending over the entire mass range of supermassive black holes. This timescale is consistent with th"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2108.05389","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2108.05389/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T03:09:13Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"JcOWgKRePcZXJN7g0c3mxTl/Xyyl6JrOcnRqWHQm/OQy6uqpCd9YDgM0o5At6lLfD3dan2X3Sg6+G9+iPhkPAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-16T05:23:48.220810Z"},"content_sha256":"50ddfb064d58b34e08f49a6d0605be0711da50d78e6dfef3ab5f6484cd037162","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:50ddfb064d58b34e08f49a6d0605be0711da50d78e6dfef3ab5f6484cd037162"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/YOBQQS2S54XO5QN2PVEDI7OUET/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/YOBQQS2S54XO5QN2PVEDI7OUET/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/YOBQQS2S54XO5QN2PVEDI7OUET/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-16T05:23:48Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/YOBQQS2S54XO5QN2PVEDI7OUET","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/YOBQQS2S54XO5QN2PVEDI7OUET/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/YOBQQS2S54XO5QN2PVEDI7OUET/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/YOBQQS2S54XO5QN2PVEDI7OUET/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:YOBQQS2S54XO5QN2PVEDI7OUET","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"e23a36219550f8a08d9ed521c3f4e86339950332c1f698558808460dec3d268b","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.HE"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2021-08-11T18:09:22Z","title_canon_sha256":"7a70c1e01f5a35ad6aa6933d3a3253cdd0f18744f68ef0c8cc264c161ee63797"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2108.05389","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2108.05389","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:09:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2108.05389v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:09:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2108.05389","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:09:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"YOBQQS2S54XO","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:09:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"YOBQQS2S54XO5QN2","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:09:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"YOBQQS2S","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:09:13Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:50ddfb064d58b34e08f49a6d0605be0711da50d78e6dfef3ab5f6484cd037162","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:09:13Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2108.05389/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Accretion disks around supermassive black holes in active galactic nuclei produce continuum radiation at ultraviolet and optical wavelengths. Physical processes in the accretion flow lead to stochastic variability of this emission on a wide range of timescales. We measure the optical continuum variability observed in 67 active galactic nuclei and the characteristic timescale at which the variability power spectrum flattens. We find a correlation between this timescale and the black hole mass, extending over the entire mass range of supermassive black holes. This timescale is consistent with th","authors_text":"Charles F. Gammie, Christopher W. Morgan, Colin J. Burke, Ian M. McHardy, Keith Horne, Omer Blaes, Qian Yang, Simone Scaringi, Xin Liu, Yan-Fei Jiang, Yue Shen","cross_cats":["astro-ph.HE"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2021-08-11T18:09:22Z","title":"A characteristic optical variability timescale in astrophysical accretion disks"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2108.05389","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:827437e7e5e2b1f0b7bdbc6230ed823dc7b704f5a77d15f327a140dd33a1a966","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:09:13Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"e23a36219550f8a08d9ed521c3f4e86339950332c1f698558808460dec3d268b","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.HE"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2021-08-11T18:09:22Z","title_canon_sha256":"7a70c1e01f5a35ad6aa6933d3a3253cdd0f18744f68ef0c8cc264c161ee63797"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2108.05389","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"c383084b52ef2eeec1ba7d48347dd424fb9dc8abc7bdc6d3e99d1c4d7d226ec7","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"c383084b52ef2eeec1ba7d48347dd424fb9dc8abc7bdc6d3e99d1c4d7d226ec7","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T03:09:13.168824Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T03:09:13.168824Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"1pxf+7+GRX4doC5UEybwzwDj/K059iAH1V+oZT87UFZ39tahrhbMCvul49W3i90qLmctBNZdzEmSdm7qsjtyAw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T03:09:13.169227Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2108.05389","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:827437e7e5e2b1f0b7bdbc6230ed823dc7b704f5a77d15f327a140dd33a1a966","sha256:50ddfb064d58b34e08f49a6d0605be0711da50d78e6dfef3ab5f6484cd037162"],"state_sha256":"f3ad3fd7e7f639288050805af60fe191db5ec49436067c0e399a777eca393228"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"q8Aj9CJh5SPILysx5LDWQ2IZoL1yTsdzw2D0SxwN9InC736Uw1OIzK/j/XlxnEmfLwL7I6g2dKzKtuws45W0AA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-16T05:23:48.225732Z","bundle_sha256":"864265b3c5ce087a36fdc7b07a18124f1b07ed3501efacff92d3b2cfc847f9aa"}}