{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:YOR6SE5QOEIWHNE2KXOW76VK63","short_pith_number":"pith:YOR6SE5Q","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2305.18067","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.plasm-ph","submitted_at":"2023-05-29T13:12:21Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"045e86fbf1ae7a901cf91a9521c359cdb165934fb2fcbd95ecb4046c96f8cf58","abstract_canon_sha256":"c2e9c2dd7431b90232b572a8162dbe968a6132b5c9bde2e065723536e78357b5"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"c3a3e913b0711163b49a55dd6ffaaaf6d33a7c8d842fff10094c6f7aedf9706b","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2305.18067","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2305.18067","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:14:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2305.18067v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:14:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2305.18067","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:14:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"YOR6SE5QOEIW","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:14:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"YOR6SE5QOEIWHNE2","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:14:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"YOR6SE5Q","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:14:52Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:YOR6SE5QOEIWHNE2KXOW76VK63","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2305.18067","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.plasm-ph","submitted_at":"2023-05-29T13:12:21Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"045e86fbf1ae7a901cf91a9521c359cdb165934fb2fcbd95ecb4046c96f8cf58","abstract_canon_sha256":"c2e9c2dd7431b90232b572a8162dbe968a6132b5c9bde2e065723536e78357b5"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"c3a3e913b0711163b49a55dd6ffaaaf6d33a7c8d842fff10094c6f7aedf9706b","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T06:14:52.114210Z","signature_b64":"jRp9uZOxHobQXSXQCErUMDi0KBJ3f+AjM9UjebkCFC9R1KHDUTRM8ER6BjtwZOfaVdRw6O9WXVB48M3gDcqIBg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"c3a3e913b0711163b49a55dd6ffaaaf6d33a7c8d842fff10094c6f7aedf9706b","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T06:14:52.113746Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T06:14:52.113746Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2305.18067","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T06:14:52Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Zq1oxJbivSiqcD55MOVKC2HYITX6MnGHuYiBMOAIg8EODNazcxEcC35B30Stjj0PXfPdcgQB6Em1M740SpikAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-06T14:18:30.495348Z"},"content_sha256":"e5da1ea090cbd34471b19c5354146835463634cd026e6d27c10f7b7f19dd0b44","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:e5da1ea090cbd34471b19c5354146835463634cd026e6d27c10f7b7f19dd0b44"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:YOR6SE5QOEIWHNE2KXOW76VK63","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Energy loss enhancement of very intense proton beams in dense matter due to the beam-density effect","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.plasm-ph","authors_text":"Benzheng Chen, Bo Cui, Bubo Ma, Dieter H. H. Hoffmann, Guoqing Xiao, Hongwei Zhao, Jianhua Feng, Jieru Ren, Leifeng Cao, Quanping Fan, Rui Cheng, Shaoping Zhu, Shaoyi Wang, Shuai Yin, Shukai He, Wei Liu, Weimin Zhou, Wei Qi, Xianming Zhou, Xing Wang, Yihang Zhang, Yongtao Zhao, Yuqiu Gu, Yutong Li, Zhe Zhang, Zhigang Deng, Zhongfeng Xu, Zhongmin Hu, Zhurong Cao, Zongqing Zhao","submitted_at":"2023-05-29T13:12:21Z","abstract_excerpt":"Thoroughly understanding the transport and energy loss of intense ion beams in dense matter is essential for high-energy-density physics and inertial confinement fusion. Here, we report a stopping power experiment with a high-intensity laser-driven proton beam in cold, dense matter. The measured energy loss is one order of magnitude higher than the expectation of individual particle stopping models. We attribute this finding to the proximity of beam ions to each other, which is usually insignificant for relatively-low-current beams from classical accelerators. The ionization of the cold target"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2305.18067","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2305.18067/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T06:14:52Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"5WqX+7fkgefLF1gX67vRc6cn4lSpTCyngzOvUeyMXMXY0rjvMYx2Totg0VjM1qr/x47zRy5tugnl3MOBVZuFDQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-06T14:18:30.495954Z"},"content_sha256":"5b526170711635e00331367c2a991bc2ebd5e38877de11c765a4fe30f448304c","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:5b526170711635e00331367c2a991bc2ebd5e38877de11c765a4fe30f448304c"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/YOR6SE5QOEIWHNE2KXOW76VK63/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/YOR6SE5QOEIWHNE2KXOW76VK63/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/YOR6SE5QOEIWHNE2KXOW76VK63/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-06T14:18:30Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/YOR6SE5QOEIWHNE2KXOW76VK63","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/YOR6SE5QOEIWHNE2KXOW76VK63/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/YOR6SE5QOEIWHNE2KXOW76VK63/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/YOR6SE5QOEIWHNE2KXOW76VK63/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:YOR6SE5QOEIWHNE2KXOW76VK63","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"c2e9c2dd7431b90232b572a8162dbe968a6132b5c9bde2e065723536e78357b5","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.plasm-ph","submitted_at":"2023-05-29T13:12:21Z","title_canon_sha256":"045e86fbf1ae7a901cf91a9521c359cdb165934fb2fcbd95ecb4046c96f8cf58"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2305.18067","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2305.18067","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:14:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2305.18067v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:14:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2305.18067","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:14:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"YOR6SE5QOEIW","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:14:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"YOR6SE5QOEIWHNE2","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:14:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"YOR6SE5Q","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:14:52Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:5b526170711635e00331367c2a991bc2ebd5e38877de11c765a4fe30f448304c","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:14:52Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2305.18067/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Thoroughly understanding the transport and energy loss of intense ion beams in dense matter is essential for high-energy-density physics and inertial confinement fusion. Here, we report a stopping power experiment with a high-intensity laser-driven proton beam in cold, dense matter. The measured energy loss is one order of magnitude higher than the expectation of individual particle stopping models. We attribute this finding to the proximity of beam ions to each other, which is usually insignificant for relatively-low-current beams from classical accelerators. The ionization of the cold target","authors_text":"Benzheng Chen, Bo Cui, Bubo Ma, Dieter H. H. Hoffmann, Guoqing Xiao, Hongwei Zhao, Jianhua Feng, Jieru Ren, Leifeng Cao, Quanping Fan, Rui Cheng, Shaoping Zhu, Shaoyi Wang, Shuai Yin, Shukai He, Wei Liu, Weimin Zhou, Wei Qi, Xianming Zhou, Xing Wang, Yihang Zhang, Yongtao Zhao, Yuqiu Gu, Yutong Li, Zhe Zhang, Zhigang Deng, Zhongfeng Xu, Zhongmin Hu, Zhurong Cao, Zongqing Zhao","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.plasm-ph","submitted_at":"2023-05-29T13:12:21Z","title":"Energy loss enhancement of very intense proton beams in dense matter due to the beam-density effect"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2305.18067","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:e5da1ea090cbd34471b19c5354146835463634cd026e6d27c10f7b7f19dd0b44","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:14:52Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"c2e9c2dd7431b90232b572a8162dbe968a6132b5c9bde2e065723536e78357b5","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.plasm-ph","submitted_at":"2023-05-29T13:12:21Z","title_canon_sha256":"045e86fbf1ae7a901cf91a9521c359cdb165934fb2fcbd95ecb4046c96f8cf58"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2305.18067","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"c3a3e913b0711163b49a55dd6ffaaaf6d33a7c8d842fff10094c6f7aedf9706b","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"c3a3e913b0711163b49a55dd6ffaaaf6d33a7c8d842fff10094c6f7aedf9706b","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T06:14:52.113746Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T06:14:52.113746Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"jRp9uZOxHobQXSXQCErUMDi0KBJ3f+AjM9UjebkCFC9R1KHDUTRM8ER6BjtwZOfaVdRw6O9WXVB48M3gDcqIBg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T06:14:52.114210Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2305.18067","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:e5da1ea090cbd34471b19c5354146835463634cd026e6d27c10f7b7f19dd0b44","sha256:5b526170711635e00331367c2a991bc2ebd5e38877de11c765a4fe30f448304c"],"state_sha256":"8fe8aa5ccb3ed1059790b5b28d2513f89b0cad100536ba04f5d78cf6543e4a6e"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"RdiQkjfSUG5ztCo0W0MonJTUS22zVTLlEjVAc7lFJwLdmB0WSt6Pl7cki3XdQuFLmElUuXgVSw/sKdt5YDPIAw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-06T14:18:30.501839Z","bundle_sha256":"315d2f342a50973e398b350ef352381d97ef7c09e6219e2f365ad0b81fc69328"}}