{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:YQVLLJSPXEIQWVDHAB4YV7TU6P","short_pith_number":"pith:YQVLLJSP","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1904.06880","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"2019-04-15T07:21:13Z","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-th"],"title_canon_sha256":"774be472d8e9ae3ba514492704a44df481673a597de3789df9504567a52c2c08","abstract_canon_sha256":"540f5699d5b34d21ba4a14003f064005f903f1958b89cf855750b4e40395aab2"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"c42ab5a64fb9110b546700798afe74f3e2fc5bed7dea943e16cf5ede34cd6481","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1904.06880","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1904.06880","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:31:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1904.06880v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:31:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1904.06880","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:31:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"YQVLLJSPXEIQ","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:31:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"YQVLLJSPXEIQWVDH","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:31:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"YQVLLJSP","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:31:02Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:YQVLLJSPXEIQWVDHAB4YV7TU6P","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1904.06880","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"2019-04-15T07:21:13Z","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-th"],"title_canon_sha256":"774be472d8e9ae3ba514492704a44df481673a597de3789df9504567a52c2c08","abstract_canon_sha256":"540f5699d5b34d21ba4a14003f064005f903f1958b89cf855750b4e40395aab2"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"c42ab5a64fb9110b546700798afe74f3e2fc5bed7dea943e16cf5ede34cd6481","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T00:31:02.138416Z","signature_b64":"729TWE7Edv9uI7TeVICdC8I3eAA6svpq6jq1dZ6FN3kcuTFmE9kcGEj7Aws5lhT2Kh2/Z0r5XKJ9ROuz0NlqBA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"c42ab5a64fb9110b546700798afe74f3e2fc5bed7dea943e16cf5ede34cd6481","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T00:31:02.137896Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T00:31:02.137896Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1904.06880","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T00:31:02Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"R8Xgd4T+2oQYj/3YfeU3QyTTFZ8cJQIbv/4G8UFuQLEflzICJAVb6nahe4ufwfWgGIS8HapTOGqDzd0p/i6fDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-10T21:55:15.077907Z"},"content_sha256":"bbf00ccbd537d7aa0a8fe145ff930fa95d52e30ec072a801d6ec8544869a7bce","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:bbf00ccbd537d7aa0a8fe145ff930fa95d52e30ec072a801d6ec8544869a7bce"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:YQVLLJSPXEIQWVDHAB4YV7TU6P","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Monopoles, Strings, and Necklaces in $SO(10)$ and $E_6$","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["hep-th"],"primary_cat":"hep-ph","authors_text":"G. Lazarides, Q. Shafi","submitted_at":"2019-04-15T07:21:13Z","abstract_excerpt":"We employ a variety of symmetry breaking patterns in $SO(10)$ and $E_6$ Grand Unified Theories to demonstrate the appearance of topological defects including magnetic monopoles, strings, and necklaces. We show that independent of the symmetry breaking pattern, a topologically stable superheavy monopole carrying a single unit of Dirac charge as well as color magnetic charge is always present. Lighter intermediate mass topologically stable monopoles carrying two or three quanta of Dirac charge can appear in $SO(10)$ and $E_6$ models respectively. These lighter monopoles as well as topologically "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1904.06880","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/1904.06880/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T00:31:02Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"9Cu66li3uThijlUtXs4l6I4Nj1/bAF+DLivoCAtiDlW+iiTnxYTPYLvzuaN+BjbRr6wdOhHatfT9dQ+vVKItAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-10T21:55:15.078417Z"},"content_sha256":"2ee9e43987b63058bedde8c9ec121864a06a896b2120ae85d96c788ad86aee8b","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:2ee9e43987b63058bedde8c9ec121864a06a896b2120ae85d96c788ad86aee8b"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/YQVLLJSPXEIQWVDHAB4YV7TU6P/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/YQVLLJSPXEIQWVDHAB4YV7TU6P/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/YQVLLJSPXEIQWVDHAB4YV7TU6P/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-10T21:55:15Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/YQVLLJSPXEIQWVDHAB4YV7TU6P","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/YQVLLJSPXEIQWVDHAB4YV7TU6P/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/YQVLLJSPXEIQWVDHAB4YV7TU6P/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/YQVLLJSPXEIQWVDHAB4YV7TU6P/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:YQVLLJSPXEIQWVDHAB4YV7TU6P","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"540f5699d5b34d21ba4a14003f064005f903f1958b89cf855750b4e40395aab2","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-th"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"2019-04-15T07:21:13Z","title_canon_sha256":"774be472d8e9ae3ba514492704a44df481673a597de3789df9504567a52c2c08"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1904.06880","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1904.06880","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:31:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1904.06880v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:31:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1904.06880","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:31:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"YQVLLJSPXEIQ","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:31:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"YQVLLJSPXEIQWVDH","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:31:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"YQVLLJSP","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:31:02Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:2ee9e43987b63058bedde8c9ec121864a06a896b2120ae85d96c788ad86aee8b","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:31:02Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/1904.06880/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We employ a variety of symmetry breaking patterns in $SO(10)$ and $E_6$ Grand Unified Theories to demonstrate the appearance of topological defects including magnetic monopoles, strings, and necklaces. We show that independent of the symmetry breaking pattern, a topologically stable superheavy monopole carrying a single unit of Dirac charge as well as color magnetic charge is always present. Lighter intermediate mass topologically stable monopoles carrying two or three quanta of Dirac charge can appear in $SO(10)$ and $E_6$ models respectively. These lighter monopoles as well as topologically ","authors_text":"G. Lazarides, Q. Shafi","cross_cats":["hep-th"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"2019-04-15T07:21:13Z","title":"Monopoles, Strings, and Necklaces in $SO(10)$ and $E_6$"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1904.06880","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:bbf00ccbd537d7aa0a8fe145ff930fa95d52e30ec072a801d6ec8544869a7bce","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:31:02Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"540f5699d5b34d21ba4a14003f064005f903f1958b89cf855750b4e40395aab2","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-th"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"2019-04-15T07:21:13Z","title_canon_sha256":"774be472d8e9ae3ba514492704a44df481673a597de3789df9504567a52c2c08"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1904.06880","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"c42ab5a64fb9110b546700798afe74f3e2fc5bed7dea943e16cf5ede34cd6481","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"c42ab5a64fb9110b546700798afe74f3e2fc5bed7dea943e16cf5ede34cd6481","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T00:31:02.137896Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T00:31:02.137896Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"729TWE7Edv9uI7TeVICdC8I3eAA6svpq6jq1dZ6FN3kcuTFmE9kcGEj7Aws5lhT2Kh2/Z0r5XKJ9ROuz0NlqBA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T00:31:02.138416Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1904.06880","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:bbf00ccbd537d7aa0a8fe145ff930fa95d52e30ec072a801d6ec8544869a7bce","sha256:2ee9e43987b63058bedde8c9ec121864a06a896b2120ae85d96c788ad86aee8b"],"state_sha256":"8c6d02679bcaea3cabca500a8c8430b929e5ae8f729ab14b188837665c17d32e"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"+uMROa/IkDY313g/VscXMX8rZg76igecWJynU7jNCQFJGzC/xVhDbv+px/ehmEzzRFCSXQNx3pvmpkt1iNETAw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-10T21:55:15.083752Z","bundle_sha256":"ada893f80abc1e386dc862d8dfcc9a04b3eac13ef09845fd1c6cbe02f8e03989"}}