{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2016:YRUJNHTSXQA5FA5GM4CQTDPLUP","short_pith_number":"pith:YRUJNHTS","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"c468969e72bc01d283a66705098deba3c926a76806e94b808b702572764205cd","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1609.03686","version":2},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"New multivariate tests for assessing covariate balance in matched observational studies","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"stat.ME","authors_text":"Dylan S. Small, Hao Chen","submitted_at":"2016-09-13T05:40:28Z","abstract_excerpt":"We propose new tests for assessing whether covariates in a treatment group and matched control group are balanced in observational studies. The tests exhibit high power under a wide range of multivariate alternatives, some of which existing tests have little power for. The asymptotic permutation null distributions of the proposed tests are studied and the p-values calculated through the asymptotic results work well in finite samples, facilitating the application of the test to large data sets. The tests are illustrated in a study of the effect of smoking on blood lead levels. The proposed test"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1609.03686","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2016-09-13T05:40:28Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"6429b841b0543933b1d1661097e8661d5b840bf1c90a51c09d5a2f7264fd3555","abstract_canon_sha256":"5eda78a0131c97d339570778464f604abca24946dcda49e8ee7b50e78abcd427"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:52:34.478101Z","signature_b64":"JDPvN3iezy5xu7fFMn0KkPfdoxEtmqYe3347WvSk3qZeCX/0oEHPHWexJTOmEWHWyHfSsxYMKRzh/NDpuf2HCQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"c468969e72bc01d283a66705098deba3c926a76806e94b808b702572764205cd","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:52:34.477746Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:52:34.477746Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"New multivariate tests for assessing covariate balance in matched observational studies","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"stat.ME","authors_text":"Dylan S. Small, Hao Chen","submitted_at":"2016-09-13T05:40:28Z","abstract_excerpt":"We propose new tests for assessing whether covariates in a treatment group and matched control group are balanced in observational studies. The tests exhibit high power under a wide range of multivariate alternatives, some of which existing tests have little power for. The asymptotic permutation null distributions of the proposed tests are studied and the p-values calculated through the asymptotic results work well in finite samples, facilitating the application of the test to large data sets. The tests are illustrated in a study of the effect of smoking on blood lead levels. The proposed test"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1609.03686","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1609.03686","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:52:34.477803+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1609.03686v2","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:52:34.477803+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1609.03686","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:52:34.477803+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"YRUJNHTSXQA5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:53.716459+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"YRUJNHTSXQA5FA5G","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:53.716459+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"YRUJNHTS","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:53.716459+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":0,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/YRUJNHTSXQA5FA5GM4CQTDPLUP","json":"https://pith.science/pith/YRUJNHTSXQA5FA5GM4CQTDPLUP.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/YRUJNHTSXQA5FA5GM4CQTDPLUP/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/YRUJNHTSXQA5FA5GM4CQTDPLUP/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/YRUJNHTS"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/YRUJNHTSXQA5FA5GM4CQTDPLUP","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/YRUJNHTSXQA5FA5GM4CQTDPLUP.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/YRUJNHTS","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=1609.03686&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/YRUJNHTSXQA5FA5GM4CQTDPLUP/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/YRUJNHTSXQA5FA5GM4CQTDPLUP/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/YRUJNHTSXQA5FA5GM4CQTDPLUP/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/YRUJNHTSXQA5FA5GM4CQTDPLUP/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/YRUJNHTSXQA5FA5GM4CQTDPLUP/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/YRUJNHTSXQA5FA5GM4CQTDPLUP/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/YRUJNHTSXQA5FA5GM4CQTDPLUP/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:52:34.477803+00:00","updated_at":"2026-05-17T23:52:34.477803+00:00"}