{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:YTAZ62A6ZWT2TRBM7WAGQPUJBH","short_pith_number":"pith:YTAZ62A6","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2502.11989","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.HC","submitted_at":"2025-02-17T16:28:15Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.CV"],"title_canon_sha256":"a02c15c107c821411dd757e4dbbe0f11806f532dbe8af29ff8392174ecb54a25","abstract_canon_sha256":"dad8e0f9884f47102e768c18a324afd79e45a2fa5a132389effd540d000640af"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"c4c19f681ecda7a9c42cfd80683e8909c164e090ea48c6d3523d52f83c6a0f08","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2502.11989","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2502.11989","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:15:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2502.11989v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:15:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2502.11989","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:15:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"YTAZ62A6ZWT2","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:15:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"YTAZ62A6ZWT2TRBM","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:15:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"YTAZ62A6","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:15:37Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:YTAZ62A6ZWT2TRBM7WAGQPUJBH","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2502.11989","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.HC","submitted_at":"2025-02-17T16:28:15Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.CV"],"title_canon_sha256":"a02c15c107c821411dd757e4dbbe0f11806f532dbe8af29ff8392174ecb54a25","abstract_canon_sha256":"dad8e0f9884f47102e768c18a324afd79e45a2fa5a132389effd540d000640af"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"c4c19f681ecda7a9c42cfd80683e8909c164e090ea48c6d3523d52f83c6a0f08","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T10:15:37.022856Z","signature_b64":"WOtl0JrijxgEOEaXJzOtEv/wKP6a2KzGM+mbBl8lqy3LTZH/926P4utDhVO+ey4tUevU8+OIPeBpcSn+NUmfBA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"c4c19f681ecda7a9c42cfd80683e8909c164e090ea48c6d3523d52f83c6a0f08","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T10:15:37.022363Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T10:15:37.022363Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2502.11989","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T10:15:37Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"BnJfjTiuoGcCgBlCQK3KTnM0KANP7ZTCk5qDtLxGNvq0xCI9UK1jh0OqCVHH2ClKRb5iZt5AhmU63VmkMZJuDA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-14T13:38:41.572091Z"},"content_sha256":"f2edcb7c53874252a3717f5debae3101ebf4005753d6e27c85b787543a7799ae","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:f2edcb7c53874252a3717f5debae3101ebf4005753d6e27c85b787543a7799ae"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:YTAZ62A6ZWT2TRBM7WAGQPUJBH","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Characterizing Photorealism and Artifacts in Diffusion Model-Generated Images","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.CV"],"primary_cat":"cs.HC","authors_text":"Aakriti Kumar, Angelos Chatzimparmpas, Jessica Hullman, Karyn Nakamura, Matthew Groh, Negar Kamali","submitted_at":"2025-02-17T16:28:15Z","abstract_excerpt":"Diffusion model-generated images can appear indistinguishable from authentic photographs, but these images often contain artifacts and implausibilities that reveal their AI-generated provenance. Given the challenge to public trust in media posed by photorealistic AI-generated images, we conducted a large-scale experiment measuring human detection accuracy on 450 diffusion-model generated images and 149 real images. Based on collecting 749,828 observations and 34,675 comments from 50,444 participants, we find that scene complexity of an image, artifact types within an image, display time of an "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2502.11989","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2502.11989/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T10:15:37Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"cyzmKDvNo4mDCsk8sCSzDgni7d1jVvbcj3kfcNB/ciLxsiGb4QlEUR6386DEePNz1RgIKwXOvb+Y0bi8w/zyBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-14T13:38:41.572736Z"},"content_sha256":"e81fb90e7794a0944eba718a7300a4ef38a7efeba124227b854f83c56058e104","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:e81fb90e7794a0944eba718a7300a4ef38a7efeba124227b854f83c56058e104"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/YTAZ62A6ZWT2TRBM7WAGQPUJBH/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/YTAZ62A6ZWT2TRBM7WAGQPUJBH/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/YTAZ62A6ZWT2TRBM7WAGQPUJBH/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-14T13:38:41Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/YTAZ62A6ZWT2TRBM7WAGQPUJBH","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/YTAZ62A6ZWT2TRBM7WAGQPUJBH/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/YTAZ62A6ZWT2TRBM7WAGQPUJBH/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/YTAZ62A6ZWT2TRBM7WAGQPUJBH/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:YTAZ62A6ZWT2TRBM7WAGQPUJBH","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"dad8e0f9884f47102e768c18a324afd79e45a2fa5a132389effd540d000640af","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.CV"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.HC","submitted_at":"2025-02-17T16:28:15Z","title_canon_sha256":"a02c15c107c821411dd757e4dbbe0f11806f532dbe8af29ff8392174ecb54a25"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2502.11989","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2502.11989","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:15:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2502.11989v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:15:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2502.11989","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:15:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"YTAZ62A6ZWT2","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:15:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"YTAZ62A6ZWT2TRBM","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:15:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"YTAZ62A6","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:15:37Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:e81fb90e7794a0944eba718a7300a4ef38a7efeba124227b854f83c56058e104","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:15:37Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2502.11989/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Diffusion model-generated images can appear indistinguishable from authentic photographs, but these images often contain artifacts and implausibilities that reveal their AI-generated provenance. Given the challenge to public trust in media posed by photorealistic AI-generated images, we conducted a large-scale experiment measuring human detection accuracy on 450 diffusion-model generated images and 149 real images. Based on collecting 749,828 observations and 34,675 comments from 50,444 participants, we find that scene complexity of an image, artifact types within an image, display time of an ","authors_text":"Aakriti Kumar, Angelos Chatzimparmpas, Jessica Hullman, Karyn Nakamura, Matthew Groh, Negar Kamali","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.CV"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.HC","submitted_at":"2025-02-17T16:28:15Z","title":"Characterizing Photorealism and Artifacts in Diffusion Model-Generated Images"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2502.11989","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:f2edcb7c53874252a3717f5debae3101ebf4005753d6e27c85b787543a7799ae","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:15:37Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"dad8e0f9884f47102e768c18a324afd79e45a2fa5a132389effd540d000640af","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.CV"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.HC","submitted_at":"2025-02-17T16:28:15Z","title_canon_sha256":"a02c15c107c821411dd757e4dbbe0f11806f532dbe8af29ff8392174ecb54a25"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2502.11989","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"c4c19f681ecda7a9c42cfd80683e8909c164e090ea48c6d3523d52f83c6a0f08","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"c4c19f681ecda7a9c42cfd80683e8909c164e090ea48c6d3523d52f83c6a0f08","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T10:15:37.022363Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T10:15:37.022363Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"WOtl0JrijxgEOEaXJzOtEv/wKP6a2KzGM+mbBl8lqy3LTZH/926P4utDhVO+ey4tUevU8+OIPeBpcSn+NUmfBA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T10:15:37.022856Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2502.11989","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:f2edcb7c53874252a3717f5debae3101ebf4005753d6e27c85b787543a7799ae","sha256:e81fb90e7794a0944eba718a7300a4ef38a7efeba124227b854f83c56058e104"],"state_sha256":"abe68ec6fe402fd6283299f7873844af354a56a2701d543f81378a8affda4180"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"2dxMFsLnCbHZ475nWNDF3GJE1KQ+5Oyx902HRO5JYcWUQbvEED762SDtpQZHYvZdWjzsSpCj9s1T4siH0euZAw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-14T13:38:41.578700Z","bundle_sha256":"a26be3b98375e253fad4423edfc110513bf826c1e3dee07c33a4be9d13cd0bab"}}