{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:YUOFI5J3RUR3EUJNL3WGCNEQI2","short_pith_number":"pith:YUOFI5J3","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1812.11305","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2018-12-29T07:41:57Z","cross_cats_sorted":["stat.ML"],"title_canon_sha256":"0050f613230b4382347fc7bbc1af3794de964a68a270556b42d408dbff9b038f","abstract_canon_sha256":"335ba9f20d302874fde38461b2f2aaf24771bc8a1a73fbfe168cb180579f63e1"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"c51c54753b8d23b2512d5eec61349046949c3742975a277f272a1246d8fa4b37","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1812.11305","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1812.11305","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:55:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1812.11305v2","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:55:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1812.11305","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:55:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"YUOFI5J3RUR3","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"YUOFI5J3RUR3EUJN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"YUOFI5J3","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:04Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:YUOFI5J3RUR3EUJNL3WGCNEQI2","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1812.11305","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2018-12-29T07:41:57Z","cross_cats_sorted":["stat.ML"],"title_canon_sha256":"0050f613230b4382347fc7bbc1af3794de964a68a270556b42d408dbff9b038f","abstract_canon_sha256":"335ba9f20d302874fde38461b2f2aaf24771bc8a1a73fbfe168cb180579f63e1"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"c51c54753b8d23b2512d5eec61349046949c3742975a277f272a1246d8fa4b37","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:55:33.830687Z","signature_b64":"a7xwigOFHxUhG3TvLeY3VGNymn1yyDZxjEmN4WbVC+/1fql6EkiWZSnGlkrC7Jqs4VkSe63qgpcwW/+adIx0CQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"c51c54753b8d23b2512d5eec61349046949c3742975a277f272a1246d8fa4b37","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:55:33.830119Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:55:33.830119Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1812.11305","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:55:33Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"yl7nsRYrrDIv+KnTxSMbr7yNPzdm6zFeMqn1GU3f3wcFTTQMDaEFijMmVEUWcwS1cc+86G+E3phmDMiO8FlSDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-06T15:44:59.497039Z"},"content_sha256":"caee09a8e47e6e7da1f6c6b781cca28cd71f6cd1d55aad0a7eb1732ece5dd9ab","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:caee09a8e47e6e7da1f6c6b781cca28cd71f6cd1d55aad0a7eb1732ece5dd9ab"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:YUOFI5J3RUR3EUJNL3WGCNEQI2","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"SPI-Optimizer: an integral-Separated PI Controller for Stochastic Optimization","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["stat.ML"],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Dan Wang, Haoqian Wang, Lu Fang, Mengqi Ji, Yong Wang","submitted_at":"2018-12-29T07:41:57Z","abstract_excerpt":"To overcome the oscillation problem in the classical momentum-based optimizer, recent work associates it with the proportional-integral (PI) controller, and artificially adds D term producing a PID controller. It suppresses oscillation with the sacrifice of introducing extra hyper-parameter. In this paper, we start by analyzing: why momentum-based method oscillates about the optimal point? and answering that: the fluctuation problem relates to the lag effect of integral (I) term. Inspired by the conditional integration idea in classical control society, we propose SPI-Optimizer, an integral-Se"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1812.11305","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:55:33Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"gQLrGbZDhHo6JizBRYkiZeE9xpmtTtqXhhOCWCFer5/98jA0LygKW1KBpz55oMBLR01sVlxTS42QFTVYjezvDQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-06T15:44:59.497712Z"},"content_sha256":"85c8829e1fab789c946e69c7d8e1e6856198f55b6ee3c937ddcc32db6773d14a","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:85c8829e1fab789c946e69c7d8e1e6856198f55b6ee3c937ddcc32db6773d14a"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/YUOFI5J3RUR3EUJNL3WGCNEQI2/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/YUOFI5J3RUR3EUJNL3WGCNEQI2/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/YUOFI5J3RUR3EUJNL3WGCNEQI2/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-06T15:44:59Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/YUOFI5J3RUR3EUJNL3WGCNEQI2","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/YUOFI5J3RUR3EUJNL3WGCNEQI2/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/YUOFI5J3RUR3EUJNL3WGCNEQI2/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/YUOFI5J3RUR3EUJNL3WGCNEQI2/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:YUOFI5J3RUR3EUJNL3WGCNEQI2","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"335ba9f20d302874fde38461b2f2aaf24771bc8a1a73fbfe168cb180579f63e1","cross_cats_sorted":["stat.ML"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2018-12-29T07:41:57Z","title_canon_sha256":"0050f613230b4382347fc7bbc1af3794de964a68a270556b42d408dbff9b038f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1812.11305","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1812.11305","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:55:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1812.11305v2","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:55:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1812.11305","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:55:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"YUOFI5J3RUR3","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"YUOFI5J3RUR3EUJN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"YUOFI5J3","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:04Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:85c8829e1fab789c946e69c7d8e1e6856198f55b6ee3c937ddcc32db6773d14a","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:55:33Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"To overcome the oscillation problem in the classical momentum-based optimizer, recent work associates it with the proportional-integral (PI) controller, and artificially adds D term producing a PID controller. It suppresses oscillation with the sacrifice of introducing extra hyper-parameter. In this paper, we start by analyzing: why momentum-based method oscillates about the optimal point? and answering that: the fluctuation problem relates to the lag effect of integral (I) term. Inspired by the conditional integration idea in classical control society, we propose SPI-Optimizer, an integral-Se","authors_text":"Dan Wang, Haoqian Wang, Lu Fang, Mengqi Ji, Yong Wang","cross_cats":["stat.ML"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2018-12-29T07:41:57Z","title":"SPI-Optimizer: an integral-Separated PI Controller for Stochastic Optimization"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1812.11305","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:caee09a8e47e6e7da1f6c6b781cca28cd71f6cd1d55aad0a7eb1732ece5dd9ab","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:55:33Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"335ba9f20d302874fde38461b2f2aaf24771bc8a1a73fbfe168cb180579f63e1","cross_cats_sorted":["stat.ML"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2018-12-29T07:41:57Z","title_canon_sha256":"0050f613230b4382347fc7bbc1af3794de964a68a270556b42d408dbff9b038f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1812.11305","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"c51c54753b8d23b2512d5eec61349046949c3742975a277f272a1246d8fa4b37","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"c51c54753b8d23b2512d5eec61349046949c3742975a277f272a1246d8fa4b37","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:55:33.830119Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:55:33.830119Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"a7xwigOFHxUhG3TvLeY3VGNymn1yyDZxjEmN4WbVC+/1fql6EkiWZSnGlkrC7Jqs4VkSe63qgpcwW/+adIx0CQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:55:33.830687Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1812.11305","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:caee09a8e47e6e7da1f6c6b781cca28cd71f6cd1d55aad0a7eb1732ece5dd9ab","sha256:85c8829e1fab789c946e69c7d8e1e6856198f55b6ee3c937ddcc32db6773d14a"],"state_sha256":"03f6d1b3c5da0b10caf41b579d59de0b70b988cc957fef206f270db5a4672b62"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"OiT5iPvxJUSGxdgKiZ2tH0vBqlcCtFozA3mPrDb/X+Fmsrqr+iUUKodyeIJh/C2VtQemV6A6YvQySm4YTSByBA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-06T15:44:59.501431Z","bundle_sha256":"3a952704400c7f14572e26fc765286deeaa9d50fc4bcd149414f2474dc8a573a"}}