{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:YUSDW6G7PGKZ5UR6HWJLAS7643","short_pith_number":"pith:YUSDW6G7","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2311.00792","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.HC","submitted_at":"2023-11-01T19:25:55Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"19869f1d07b2ee1f27d6b2ad7b297c06757c48658cf7cb461a6feecab97e929d","abstract_canon_sha256":"5c15bb6b1ca7d619e13fb65665bfacaa524fd337614c6195a58ae752bd776c46"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"c5243b78df79959ed23e3d92b04bfee6d99b2024ef01b97fb5596318151456cf","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2311.00792","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2311.00792","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:08:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2311.00792v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:08:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2311.00792","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:08:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"YUSDW6G7PGKZ","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:08:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"YUSDW6G7PGKZ5UR6","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:08:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"YUSDW6G7","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:08:15Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:YUSDW6G7PGKZ5UR6HWJLAS7643","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2311.00792","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.HC","submitted_at":"2023-11-01T19:25:55Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"19869f1d07b2ee1f27d6b2ad7b297c06757c48658cf7cb461a6feecab97e929d","abstract_canon_sha256":"5c15bb6b1ca7d619e13fb65665bfacaa524fd337614c6195a58ae752bd776c46"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"c5243b78df79959ed23e3d92b04bfee6d99b2024ef01b97fb5596318151456cf","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T07:08:15.667197Z","signature_b64":"PcXME4xZgTWl9i9MrUyz611Tn9zuEE8qsaX3MgGw9+YEF55saLu8i+1Rvj3ure55QUUEav901x3V0uA9r6uTBg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"c5243b78df79959ed23e3d92b04bfee6d99b2024ef01b97fb5596318151456cf","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T07:08:15.666776Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T07:08:15.666776Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2311.00792","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T07:08:15Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"zEkfJLF2WQ1iNxtM/tcGLQod9Wf9hKtsE5Z9xvAM3FuytZG+/OBUp3EGQ7grESOCXSHmG5ZLLpqlxsAC72s3BQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-21T05:50:47.856009Z"},"content_sha256":"1c5aebddc4e87248f7a8ddf874041209f90683778cae7d466570e0ed99e8a078","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:1c5aebddc4e87248f7a8ddf874041209f90683778cae7d466570e0ed99e8a078"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:YUSDW6G7PGKZ5UR6HWJLAS7643","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Measuring the Impact of Distractors on Student Learning Gains while Using Proof Blocks","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.HC","authors_text":"Benjamin Cosman, Geoffrey L Herman, Hongxuan Chen, Matthew West, Seth Poulsen, Yael Gertner","submitted_at":"2023-11-01T19:25:55Z","abstract_excerpt":"Background: Proof Blocks is a software tool that enables students to construct proofs by assembling prewritten lines and gives them automated feedback. Prior work on learning gains from Proof Blocks has focused on comparing learning gains from Proof Blocks against other learning activities such as writing proofs or reading.\n  Purpose: The study described in this paper aims to compare learning gains from different variations of Proof Blocks. Specifically, we attempt to quantify the difference in learning gains for students who complete Proof Blocks problems with and without distractors.\n  Metho"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2311.00792","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2311.00792/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T07:08:15Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"iDN5oSK32YyXtN8StktaDQXrJ45s+lkIxpeui+K16JJcWY+ZUX1uNEfnX4M+LBpBOwBAynNUumHQ1VjMJ9cEDA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-21T05:50:47.856531Z"},"content_sha256":"279e00fc2bfd2fce49724eaa1653c200046fcee01ba316ed6e472e741aeef150","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:279e00fc2bfd2fce49724eaa1653c200046fcee01ba316ed6e472e741aeef150"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/YUSDW6G7PGKZ5UR6HWJLAS7643/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/YUSDW6G7PGKZ5UR6HWJLAS7643/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/YUSDW6G7PGKZ5UR6HWJLAS7643/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-21T05:50:47Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/YUSDW6G7PGKZ5UR6HWJLAS7643","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/YUSDW6G7PGKZ5UR6HWJLAS7643/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/YUSDW6G7PGKZ5UR6HWJLAS7643/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/YUSDW6G7PGKZ5UR6HWJLAS7643/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:YUSDW6G7PGKZ5UR6HWJLAS7643","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"5c15bb6b1ca7d619e13fb65665bfacaa524fd337614c6195a58ae752bd776c46","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.HC","submitted_at":"2023-11-01T19:25:55Z","title_canon_sha256":"19869f1d07b2ee1f27d6b2ad7b297c06757c48658cf7cb461a6feecab97e929d"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2311.00792","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2311.00792","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:08:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2311.00792v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:08:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2311.00792","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:08:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"YUSDW6G7PGKZ","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:08:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"YUSDW6G7PGKZ5UR6","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:08:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"YUSDW6G7","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:08:15Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:279e00fc2bfd2fce49724eaa1653c200046fcee01ba316ed6e472e741aeef150","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:08:15Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2311.00792/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Background: Proof Blocks is a software tool that enables students to construct proofs by assembling prewritten lines and gives them automated feedback. Prior work on learning gains from Proof Blocks has focused on comparing learning gains from Proof Blocks against other learning activities such as writing proofs or reading.\n  Purpose: The study described in this paper aims to compare learning gains from different variations of Proof Blocks. Specifically, we attempt to quantify the difference in learning gains for students who complete Proof Blocks problems with and without distractors.\n  Metho","authors_text":"Benjamin Cosman, Geoffrey L Herman, Hongxuan Chen, Matthew West, Seth Poulsen, Yael Gertner","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.HC","submitted_at":"2023-11-01T19:25:55Z","title":"Measuring the Impact of Distractors on Student Learning Gains while Using Proof Blocks"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2311.00792","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:1c5aebddc4e87248f7a8ddf874041209f90683778cae7d466570e0ed99e8a078","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:08:15Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"5c15bb6b1ca7d619e13fb65665bfacaa524fd337614c6195a58ae752bd776c46","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.HC","submitted_at":"2023-11-01T19:25:55Z","title_canon_sha256":"19869f1d07b2ee1f27d6b2ad7b297c06757c48658cf7cb461a6feecab97e929d"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2311.00792","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"c5243b78df79959ed23e3d92b04bfee6d99b2024ef01b97fb5596318151456cf","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"c5243b78df79959ed23e3d92b04bfee6d99b2024ef01b97fb5596318151456cf","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T07:08:15.666776Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T07:08:15.666776Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"PcXME4xZgTWl9i9MrUyz611Tn9zuEE8qsaX3MgGw9+YEF55saLu8i+1Rvj3ure55QUUEav901x3V0uA9r6uTBg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T07:08:15.667197Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2311.00792","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:1c5aebddc4e87248f7a8ddf874041209f90683778cae7d466570e0ed99e8a078","sha256:279e00fc2bfd2fce49724eaa1653c200046fcee01ba316ed6e472e741aeef150"],"state_sha256":"de12fe91048051419b99611431ce753bb459d275a21f8f4fe5c1e26e3127ac9b"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"9pB7sYgQ+xZpbUo5io2Rwhh2G0I4ay90J7vfK0/Yy+z3itfrL+MXUHQo2g1/cQppKC5Dii1XOJQ6NOHr4icmDg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-21T05:50:47.860560Z","bundle_sha256":"dad81fdd784cf1ec3df99982af2beb62a0b86312e763a5a85e14968fb9b8f261"}}