{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:YWMDLIEA7PMEBHE3WZAGADR7HU","short_pith_number":"pith:YWMDLIEA","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1801.08213","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.comp-ph","submitted_at":"2018-01-16T05:50:44Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"b4b6604745f63d53ad2c1badeefde7a4a0c73367670ad44222bcf7a5b83b3bf4","abstract_canon_sha256":"ecaeea55da96c16ef69a909b5e171854793d5734ec0ed81a13dc377c4dbbc9cc"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"c59835a080fbd8409c9bb640600e3f3d20d72414b994563a6df4bb56e3ef5e8e","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1801.08213","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1801.08213","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:18:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1801.08213v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:18:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1801.08213","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:18:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"YWMDLIEA7PME","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"YWMDLIEA7PMEBHE3","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"YWMDLIEA","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:04Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:YWMDLIEA7PMEBHE3WZAGADR7HU","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1801.08213","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.comp-ph","submitted_at":"2018-01-16T05:50:44Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"b4b6604745f63d53ad2c1badeefde7a4a0c73367670ad44222bcf7a5b83b3bf4","abstract_canon_sha256":"ecaeea55da96c16ef69a909b5e171854793d5734ec0ed81a13dc377c4dbbc9cc"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"c59835a080fbd8409c9bb640600e3f3d20d72414b994563a6df4bb56e3ef5e8e","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:18:40.997999Z","signature_b64":"UMxo0vS0ogiFBBeYkn0IpNxpFYY+IXljLuzIjSCijlJGpdPCChruKNncB6bP/kmG/1cBLaxHZ90Mr1BZ/HTsBw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"c59835a080fbd8409c9bb640600e3f3d20d72414b994563a6df4bb56e3ef5e8e","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:18:40.997356Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:18:40.997356Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1801.08213","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:18:40Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"7igise1lonhvVflzWXXoV+9A1LZYQl5YBWYopYPopFR7OO1CoyxLlrWpVGokoiJl4E+BXHVMDvJ72DUknE5PAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-04T19:02:44.377577Z"},"content_sha256":"97b19b756f003494861e9558ba22b3e166f8934cf26867ca1efd21b15e3caea8","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:97b19b756f003494861e9558ba22b3e166f8934cf26867ca1efd21b15e3caea8"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:YWMDLIEA7PMEBHE3WZAGADR7HU","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Characteristic time scales for diffusion processes through layers and across interfaces","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.comp-ph","authors_text":"Elliot J. Carr","submitted_at":"2018-01-16T05:50:44Z","abstract_excerpt":"This paper presents a simple tool for characterising the timescale for continuum diffusion processes through layered heterogeneous media. This mathematical problem is motivated by several practical applications such as heat transport in composite materials, flow in layered aquifers and drug diffusion through the layers of the skin. In such processes, the physical properties of the medium vary across layers and internal boundary conditions apply at the interfaces between adjacent layers. To characterise the timescale, we use the concept of mean action time, which provides the mean timescale at "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1801.08213","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:18:40Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"SzFLQ7KAZstmU+/XYVNqxmvEWyZl9J1w0jAJvu7ShX59XGAmM+cFDENcxW+FBDv2efggZi/jHgo5XOwsutXBCg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-04T19:02:44.377915Z"},"content_sha256":"0d59d388c280717fbfcf1e83f764b8e01fc5410e3e9ecd4d645d85eb914d39a0","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:0d59d388c280717fbfcf1e83f764b8e01fc5410e3e9ecd4d645d85eb914d39a0"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/YWMDLIEA7PMEBHE3WZAGADR7HU/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/YWMDLIEA7PMEBHE3WZAGADR7HU/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/YWMDLIEA7PMEBHE3WZAGADR7HU/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-04T19:02:44Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/YWMDLIEA7PMEBHE3WZAGADR7HU","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/YWMDLIEA7PMEBHE3WZAGADR7HU/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/YWMDLIEA7PMEBHE3WZAGADR7HU/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/YWMDLIEA7PMEBHE3WZAGADR7HU/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:YWMDLIEA7PMEBHE3WZAGADR7HU","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"ecaeea55da96c16ef69a909b5e171854793d5734ec0ed81a13dc377c4dbbc9cc","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.comp-ph","submitted_at":"2018-01-16T05:50:44Z","title_canon_sha256":"b4b6604745f63d53ad2c1badeefde7a4a0c73367670ad44222bcf7a5b83b3bf4"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1801.08213","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1801.08213","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:18:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1801.08213v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:18:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1801.08213","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:18:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"YWMDLIEA7PME","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"YWMDLIEA7PMEBHE3","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"YWMDLIEA","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:04Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:0d59d388c280717fbfcf1e83f764b8e01fc5410e3e9ecd4d645d85eb914d39a0","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:18:40Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"This paper presents a simple tool for characterising the timescale for continuum diffusion processes through layered heterogeneous media. This mathematical problem is motivated by several practical applications such as heat transport in composite materials, flow in layered aquifers and drug diffusion through the layers of the skin. In such processes, the physical properties of the medium vary across layers and internal boundary conditions apply at the interfaces between adjacent layers. To characterise the timescale, we use the concept of mean action time, which provides the mean timescale at ","authors_text":"Elliot J. Carr","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.comp-ph","submitted_at":"2018-01-16T05:50:44Z","title":"Characteristic time scales for diffusion processes through layers and across interfaces"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1801.08213","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:97b19b756f003494861e9558ba22b3e166f8934cf26867ca1efd21b15e3caea8","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:18:40Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"ecaeea55da96c16ef69a909b5e171854793d5734ec0ed81a13dc377c4dbbc9cc","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.comp-ph","submitted_at":"2018-01-16T05:50:44Z","title_canon_sha256":"b4b6604745f63d53ad2c1badeefde7a4a0c73367670ad44222bcf7a5b83b3bf4"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1801.08213","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"c59835a080fbd8409c9bb640600e3f3d20d72414b994563a6df4bb56e3ef5e8e","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"c59835a080fbd8409c9bb640600e3f3d20d72414b994563a6df4bb56e3ef5e8e","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:18:40.997356Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:18:40.997356Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"UMxo0vS0ogiFBBeYkn0IpNxpFYY+IXljLuzIjSCijlJGpdPCChruKNncB6bP/kmG/1cBLaxHZ90Mr1BZ/HTsBw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:18:40.997999Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1801.08213","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:97b19b756f003494861e9558ba22b3e166f8934cf26867ca1efd21b15e3caea8","sha256:0d59d388c280717fbfcf1e83f764b8e01fc5410e3e9ecd4d645d85eb914d39a0"],"state_sha256":"691c1ca2cf8e593afff6680d189ac36684958c1e34260df2973857b7744aa981"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"0A0VrWRvK5KkjFkZZm6jUGWgYOeia24KIhx/xSJ7nW7LG0pRGw1KXtI2kdD4iissZghPI/6qgRLvTUstM2FbBw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-04T19:02:44.379865Z","bundle_sha256":"cfb973220de36ed7081dfac2acd09ee82bf9726b7b02d426e6c11df1255dd307"}}