{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:YWRHJJAXDEMHTE3PXRZPFRWSNF","short_pith_number":"pith:YWRHJJAX","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2302.01934","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.comp-ph","submitted_at":"2023-02-04T07:56:18Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG","physics.optics"],"title_canon_sha256":"a03385a4e49825353703051de0c132dcf9d9ca8f413289b7a01a6c3c682cc3a5","abstract_canon_sha256":"89330e7c87def8579e06a30002e124a6036e3fb29270f69080e2fbfb48fdfd7e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"c5a274a417191879936fbc72f2c6d2697a62da80578157248ba5dfde8cbe6f63","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2302.01934","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2302.01934","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:55:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2302.01934v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:55:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2302.01934","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:55:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"YWRHJJAXDEMH","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:55:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"YWRHJJAXDEMHTE3P","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:55:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"YWRHJJAX","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:55:18Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:YWRHJJAXDEMHTE3PXRZPFRWSNF","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2302.01934","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.comp-ph","submitted_at":"2023-02-04T07:56:18Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG","physics.optics"],"title_canon_sha256":"a03385a4e49825353703051de0c132dcf9d9ca8f413289b7a01a6c3c682cc3a5","abstract_canon_sha256":"89330e7c87def8579e06a30002e124a6036e3fb29270f69080e2fbfb48fdfd7e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"c5a274a417191879936fbc72f2c6d2697a62da80578157248ba5dfde8cbe6f63","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T05:55:18.306744Z","signature_b64":"DpEPwdtdt7ARqf7lDmNDk7fy8eT5nNZYnk+vjyO0F6HrPiFcXGJV2/5xLID1YIpMPUBbpGhfUHikdxfyseM9Ag==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"c5a274a417191879936fbc72f2c6d2697a62da80578157248ba5dfde8cbe6f63","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T05:55:18.306334Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T05:55:18.306334Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2302.01934","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T05:55:18Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"K0Gu//JtKwKWsmdiYagIsWQBkwv9A5vcIyIYIaWb+hBgO2xBoSX07xxiYnW0JlC1OIgWKyzvem+tDAjZi94iCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-09T05:16:05.200720Z"},"content_sha256":"7414d4385fe6112e61a15f7c149e4a6904851e8773a508c88f2bfe19efcd1e7c","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:7414d4385fe6112e61a15f7c149e4a6904851e8773a508c88f2bfe19efcd1e7c"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:YWRHJJAXDEMHTE3PXRZPFRWSNF","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"A neural operator-based surrogate solver for free-form electromagnetic inverse design","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.LG","physics.optics"],"primary_cat":"physics.comp-ph","authors_text":"Carsten Rockstuhl, Taavi Rep\\\"an, Yannick Augenstein","submitted_at":"2023-02-04T07:56:18Z","abstract_excerpt":"Neural operators have emerged as a powerful tool for solving partial differential equations in the context of scientific machine learning. Here, we implement and train a modified Fourier neural operator as a surrogate solver for electromagnetic scattering problems and compare its data efficiency to existing methods. We further demonstrate its application to the gradient-based nanophotonic inverse design of free-form, fully three-dimensional electromagnetic scatterers, an area that has so far eluded the application of deep learning techniques."},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2302.01934","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2302.01934/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T05:55:18Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"8gdqM+H/haLf3ODspENTWx5x5vKS2ygqY1/lsK2lACN77IbxJQDD0yE99shTxWbp3MDvJobZSU3a9mVjCbTKDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-09T05:16:05.201121Z"},"content_sha256":"cdabd8c9191fee07ddf6b7872d6ac79a5c5f8c8b4421a8bb8c5c3925427625d4","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:cdabd8c9191fee07ddf6b7872d6ac79a5c5f8c8b4421a8bb8c5c3925427625d4"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/YWRHJJAXDEMHTE3PXRZPFRWSNF/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/YWRHJJAXDEMHTE3PXRZPFRWSNF/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/YWRHJJAXDEMHTE3PXRZPFRWSNF/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-09T05:16:05Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/YWRHJJAXDEMHTE3PXRZPFRWSNF","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/YWRHJJAXDEMHTE3PXRZPFRWSNF/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/YWRHJJAXDEMHTE3PXRZPFRWSNF/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/YWRHJJAXDEMHTE3PXRZPFRWSNF/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:YWRHJJAXDEMHTE3PXRZPFRWSNF","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"89330e7c87def8579e06a30002e124a6036e3fb29270f69080e2fbfb48fdfd7e","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG","physics.optics"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.comp-ph","submitted_at":"2023-02-04T07:56:18Z","title_canon_sha256":"a03385a4e49825353703051de0c132dcf9d9ca8f413289b7a01a6c3c682cc3a5"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2302.01934","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2302.01934","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:55:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2302.01934v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:55:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2302.01934","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:55:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"YWRHJJAXDEMH","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:55:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"YWRHJJAXDEMHTE3P","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:55:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"YWRHJJAX","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:55:18Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:cdabd8c9191fee07ddf6b7872d6ac79a5c5f8c8b4421a8bb8c5c3925427625d4","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:55:18Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2302.01934/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Neural operators have emerged as a powerful tool for solving partial differential equations in the context of scientific machine learning. Here, we implement and train a modified Fourier neural operator as a surrogate solver for electromagnetic scattering problems and compare its data efficiency to existing methods. We further demonstrate its application to the gradient-based nanophotonic inverse design of free-form, fully three-dimensional electromagnetic scatterers, an area that has so far eluded the application of deep learning techniques.","authors_text":"Carsten Rockstuhl, Taavi Rep\\\"an, Yannick Augenstein","cross_cats":["cs.LG","physics.optics"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.comp-ph","submitted_at":"2023-02-04T07:56:18Z","title":"A neural operator-based surrogate solver for free-form electromagnetic inverse design"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2302.01934","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:7414d4385fe6112e61a15f7c149e4a6904851e8773a508c88f2bfe19efcd1e7c","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:55:18Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"89330e7c87def8579e06a30002e124a6036e3fb29270f69080e2fbfb48fdfd7e","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG","physics.optics"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.comp-ph","submitted_at":"2023-02-04T07:56:18Z","title_canon_sha256":"a03385a4e49825353703051de0c132dcf9d9ca8f413289b7a01a6c3c682cc3a5"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2302.01934","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"c5a274a417191879936fbc72f2c6d2697a62da80578157248ba5dfde8cbe6f63","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"c5a274a417191879936fbc72f2c6d2697a62da80578157248ba5dfde8cbe6f63","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T05:55:18.306334Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T05:55:18.306334Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"DpEPwdtdt7ARqf7lDmNDk7fy8eT5nNZYnk+vjyO0F6HrPiFcXGJV2/5xLID1YIpMPUBbpGhfUHikdxfyseM9Ag==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T05:55:18.306744Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2302.01934","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:7414d4385fe6112e61a15f7c149e4a6904851e8773a508c88f2bfe19efcd1e7c","sha256:cdabd8c9191fee07ddf6b7872d6ac79a5c5f8c8b4421a8bb8c5c3925427625d4"],"state_sha256":"be281851b075639787534aaa708aa07d410e081ea550e3deb70479961f28701e"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"8Q6jslM8xj9nmRaD6lLJ9uAu7q2keOhIo6MCUry+S0oVEjuoZHxdGUbfmXANkzWK4BdN9T/GqWrySi4Xs0XEAw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-09T05:16:05.203591Z","bundle_sha256":"2ec81d82d44576e4a013f56342c08c1d973df9fb548dcf80316e14bf2d46ae8e"}}