{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:YXYLBUC6Q27MDGCVPORFRLWS2A","short_pith_number":"pith:YXYLBUC6","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2102.08440","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2021-02-16T20:30:04Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.DC"],"title_canon_sha256":"57322cc3642df56ad03718ae21f46ce8fd457eaefcaad675be30e83c47b7d684","abstract_canon_sha256":"68fd9fd40640cd03bb643638dd1dd058738aea3014529cac6313713728bcacba"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"c5f0b0d05e86bec198557ba258aed2d03f44dc0eabafa4d64aeb2f6e784752a4","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2102.08440","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2102.08440","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:16:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2102.08440v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:16:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2102.08440","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:16:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"YXYLBUC6Q27M","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:16:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"YXYLBUC6Q27MDGCV","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:16:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"YXYLBUC6","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:16:02Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:YXYLBUC6Q27MDGCVPORFRLWS2A","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2102.08440","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2021-02-16T20:30:04Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.DC"],"title_canon_sha256":"57322cc3642df56ad03718ae21f46ce8fd457eaefcaad675be30e83c47b7d684","abstract_canon_sha256":"68fd9fd40640cd03bb643638dd1dd058738aea3014529cac6313713728bcacba"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"c5f0b0d05e86bec198557ba258aed2d03f44dc0eabafa4d64aeb2f6e784752a4","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:16:02.953607Z","signature_b64":"9kaOoiJq/cCuR82QGwMC8noZDmgjErwRus50zK5nKK/fmZhwtMTU8pLObx/g8gZS0LfbED0Fx+YD/gN1Yhw9Cw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"c5f0b0d05e86bec198557ba258aed2d03f44dc0eabafa4d64aeb2f6e784752a4","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:16:02.953159Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:16:02.953159Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2102.08440","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:16:02Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"D0lm3A1bLXI6cM+7yxYV/TRgkCbiueRfcz073uIn8P/5x5+BOCdIG9wBw9svCUZ4AO7a6t18o1Kf1fpJNOQmBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-10T12:18:44.285117Z"},"content_sha256":"6a93b82cae8fbeb97497086b77715c528f32619ea49172a261343b9041a67fac","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:6a93b82cae8fbeb97497086b77715c528f32619ea49172a261343b9041a67fac"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:YXYLBUC6Q27MDGCVPORFRLWS2A","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Scaling Neuroscience Research using Federated Learning","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.DC"],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Dimitris Stripelis, Jose Luis Ambite, Paul Thompson, Pradeep Lam","submitted_at":"2021-02-16T20:30:04Z","abstract_excerpt":"The amount of biomedical data continues to grow rapidly. However, the ability to analyze these data is limited due to privacy and regulatory concerns. Machine learning approaches that require data to be copied to a single location are hampered by the challenges of data sharing. Federated Learning is a promising approach to learn a joint model over data silos. This architecture does not share any subject data across sites, only aggregated parameters, often in encrypted environments, thus satisfying privacy and regulatory requirements. Here, we describe our Federated Learning architecture and tr"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2102.08440","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2102.08440/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:16:02Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"qU2vZKoE7eUYbXMS+/hjhpw0ywlFX/nIneHJhjANsZNWIuqpnmWMoU6gGdlNdkJ8R8ftmBTwjmrFUapVl1NHAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-10T12:18:44.285505Z"},"content_sha256":"076a976889b23eefaf4354b8c5ec3b4a5063a09f53b598bb2d00471997a6d068","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:076a976889b23eefaf4354b8c5ec3b4a5063a09f53b598bb2d00471997a6d068"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/YXYLBUC6Q27MDGCVPORFRLWS2A/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/YXYLBUC6Q27MDGCVPORFRLWS2A/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/YXYLBUC6Q27MDGCVPORFRLWS2A/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-10T12:18:44Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/YXYLBUC6Q27MDGCVPORFRLWS2A","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/YXYLBUC6Q27MDGCVPORFRLWS2A/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/YXYLBUC6Q27MDGCVPORFRLWS2A/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/YXYLBUC6Q27MDGCVPORFRLWS2A/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:YXYLBUC6Q27MDGCVPORFRLWS2A","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"68fd9fd40640cd03bb643638dd1dd058738aea3014529cac6313713728bcacba","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.DC"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2021-02-16T20:30:04Z","title_canon_sha256":"57322cc3642df56ad03718ae21f46ce8fd457eaefcaad675be30e83c47b7d684"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2102.08440","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2102.08440","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:16:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2102.08440v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:16:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2102.08440","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:16:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"YXYLBUC6Q27M","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:16:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"YXYLBUC6Q27MDGCV","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:16:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"YXYLBUC6","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:16:02Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:076a976889b23eefaf4354b8c5ec3b4a5063a09f53b598bb2d00471997a6d068","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:16:02Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2102.08440/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The amount of biomedical data continues to grow rapidly. However, the ability to analyze these data is limited due to privacy and regulatory concerns. Machine learning approaches that require data to be copied to a single location are hampered by the challenges of data sharing. Federated Learning is a promising approach to learn a joint model over data silos. This architecture does not share any subject data across sites, only aggregated parameters, often in encrypted environments, thus satisfying privacy and regulatory requirements. Here, we describe our Federated Learning architecture and tr","authors_text":"Dimitris Stripelis, Jose Luis Ambite, Paul Thompson, Pradeep Lam","cross_cats":["cs.DC"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2021-02-16T20:30:04Z","title":"Scaling Neuroscience Research using Federated Learning"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2102.08440","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:6a93b82cae8fbeb97497086b77715c528f32619ea49172a261343b9041a67fac","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:16:02Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"68fd9fd40640cd03bb643638dd1dd058738aea3014529cac6313713728bcacba","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.DC"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2021-02-16T20:30:04Z","title_canon_sha256":"57322cc3642df56ad03718ae21f46ce8fd457eaefcaad675be30e83c47b7d684"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2102.08440","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"c5f0b0d05e86bec198557ba258aed2d03f44dc0eabafa4d64aeb2f6e784752a4","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"c5f0b0d05e86bec198557ba258aed2d03f44dc0eabafa4d64aeb2f6e784752a4","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:16:02.953159Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:16:02.953159Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"9kaOoiJq/cCuR82QGwMC8noZDmgjErwRus50zK5nKK/fmZhwtMTU8pLObx/g8gZS0LfbED0Fx+YD/gN1Yhw9Cw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:16:02.953607Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2102.08440","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:6a93b82cae8fbeb97497086b77715c528f32619ea49172a261343b9041a67fac","sha256:076a976889b23eefaf4354b8c5ec3b4a5063a09f53b598bb2d00471997a6d068"],"state_sha256":"d1011b4ce6fa8d83ac14f30042d09e530573cf22f397199f02a896144ce82be9"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"cGe4t1vzO4ZMq0OQONfjXT02mHuzGNsJU+6L2/eFsvFZOS1qQP4kuIk87RYWgKy5yg7lgVMud1KKD9FmxNQAAQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-10T12:18:44.287875Z","bundle_sha256":"0e4b40064b2208ef7c5bcf845dfd837966436c2ab404a07e5e88415f54d86904"}}