{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:YZ7QJQ4NNZJKCQ3CND6NT326LY","short_pith_number":"pith:YZ7QJQ4N","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2507.18062","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2025-07-24T03:26:38Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"98142c2034d2bf9d415de63ef9a6aab7a5fca174bb2a21af360d15558ce497b5","abstract_canon_sha256":"86686e446eb80d9bef3c648e029c44c5235f1f7f2fbac9489a9908776c62fef9"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"c67f04c38d6e52a1436268fcd9ef5e5e0f676c5562b47a3a4b7f55e44515ad91","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2507.18062","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2507.18062","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:42:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2507.18062v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:42:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2507.18062","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:42:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"YZ7QJQ4NNZJK","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:42:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"YZ7QJQ4NNZJKCQ3C","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:42:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"YZ7QJQ4N","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:42:40Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:YZ7QJQ4NNZJKCQ3CND6NT326LY","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2507.18062","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2025-07-24T03:26:38Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"98142c2034d2bf9d415de63ef9a6aab7a5fca174bb2a21af360d15558ce497b5","abstract_canon_sha256":"86686e446eb80d9bef3c648e029c44c5235f1f7f2fbac9489a9908776c62fef9"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"c67f04c38d6e52a1436268fcd9ef5e5e0f676c5562b47a3a4b7f55e44515ad91","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:42:40.387540Z","signature_b64":"B6It1BHH6ZUasmRa4WM/3hVWtperQnfS1ebOsKgSOljjtVQS4+duLHag74244ftKcqOu9op+rGtB+ApzSl3oDg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"c67f04c38d6e52a1436268fcd9ef5e5e0f676c5562b47a3a4b7f55e44515ad91","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:42:40.387037Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:42:40.387037Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2507.18062","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:42:40Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"2iktHzPDy4wdwu4jybec1kVw/s3nm3YurS/Rsx0JtPAeHbPChI+JWCP4IKtvqWg4S8kPYOlVWBCRgXf3JjfJDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-14T08:24:55.546644Z"},"content_sha256":"c1d1a7ed8ad8de2e82413f61c3d02dce6393e4c9547ac15ef89a78845b27aea5","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:c1d1a7ed8ad8de2e82413f61c3d02dce6393e4c9547ac15ef89a78845b27aea5"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:YZ7QJQ4NNZJKCQ3CND6NT326LY","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"An Empirical Study of Complexity, Heterogeneity, and Compliance of GitHub Actions Workflows","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.SE","authors_text":"Edward Abrokwah, Taher A. Ghaleb","submitted_at":"2025-07-24T03:26:38Z","abstract_excerpt":"Continuous Integration (CI) has evolved from a tooling strategy to a fundamental mindset in modern CI engineering. It enables teams to develop, test, and deliver software rapidly and collaboratively. Among CI services, GitHub Actions (GHA) has emerged as a dominant service due to its deep integration with GitHub and a vast ecosystem of reusable workflow actions. Although GHA provides official documentation and community-supported best practices, there appears to be limited empirical understanding of how open-source real-world CI workflows align with such practices. Many workflows might be unne"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2507.18062","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2507.18062/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:42:40Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"OMtdj1QkdpmtSpJrOEn3eMw5r3savq4+GPc6/n3mXbNMhUdob6S+yosOzsAn8lWPrX8jq4uOZgU/ukBq9jGICw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-14T08:24:55.547157Z"},"content_sha256":"e77aeb8e3c697afe09d686dd7df1c59f9a72d90ef2b9e31da534b7f1a514d950","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:e77aeb8e3c697afe09d686dd7df1c59f9a72d90ef2b9e31da534b7f1a514d950"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/YZ7QJQ4NNZJKCQ3CND6NT326LY/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/YZ7QJQ4NNZJKCQ3CND6NT326LY/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/YZ7QJQ4NNZJKCQ3CND6NT326LY/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-14T08:24:55Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/YZ7QJQ4NNZJKCQ3CND6NT326LY","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/YZ7QJQ4NNZJKCQ3CND6NT326LY/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/YZ7QJQ4NNZJKCQ3CND6NT326LY/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/YZ7QJQ4NNZJKCQ3CND6NT326LY/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:YZ7QJQ4NNZJKCQ3CND6NT326LY","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"86686e446eb80d9bef3c648e029c44c5235f1f7f2fbac9489a9908776c62fef9","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2025-07-24T03:26:38Z","title_canon_sha256":"98142c2034d2bf9d415de63ef9a6aab7a5fca174bb2a21af360d15558ce497b5"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2507.18062","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2507.18062","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:42:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2507.18062v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:42:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2507.18062","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:42:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"YZ7QJQ4NNZJK","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:42:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"YZ7QJQ4NNZJKCQ3C","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:42:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"YZ7QJQ4N","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:42:40Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:e77aeb8e3c697afe09d686dd7df1c59f9a72d90ef2b9e31da534b7f1a514d950","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:42:40Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2507.18062/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Continuous Integration (CI) has evolved from a tooling strategy to a fundamental mindset in modern CI engineering. It enables teams to develop, test, and deliver software rapidly and collaboratively. Among CI services, GitHub Actions (GHA) has emerged as a dominant service due to its deep integration with GitHub and a vast ecosystem of reusable workflow actions. Although GHA provides official documentation and community-supported best practices, there appears to be limited empirical understanding of how open-source real-world CI workflows align with such practices. Many workflows might be unne","authors_text":"Edward Abrokwah, Taher A. Ghaleb","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2025-07-24T03:26:38Z","title":"An Empirical Study of Complexity, Heterogeneity, and Compliance of GitHub Actions Workflows"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2507.18062","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:c1d1a7ed8ad8de2e82413f61c3d02dce6393e4c9547ac15ef89a78845b27aea5","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:42:40Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"86686e446eb80d9bef3c648e029c44c5235f1f7f2fbac9489a9908776c62fef9","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2025-07-24T03:26:38Z","title_canon_sha256":"98142c2034d2bf9d415de63ef9a6aab7a5fca174bb2a21af360d15558ce497b5"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2507.18062","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"c67f04c38d6e52a1436268fcd9ef5e5e0f676c5562b47a3a4b7f55e44515ad91","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"c67f04c38d6e52a1436268fcd9ef5e5e0f676c5562b47a3a4b7f55e44515ad91","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:42:40.387037Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:42:40.387037Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"B6It1BHH6ZUasmRa4WM/3hVWtperQnfS1ebOsKgSOljjtVQS4+duLHag74244ftKcqOu9op+rGtB+ApzSl3oDg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:42:40.387540Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2507.18062","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:c1d1a7ed8ad8de2e82413f61c3d02dce6393e4c9547ac15ef89a78845b27aea5","sha256:e77aeb8e3c697afe09d686dd7df1c59f9a72d90ef2b9e31da534b7f1a514d950"],"state_sha256":"c6d83d149e506745d60817404ec0ec1748f657d36c4a1356bfedcad47cc84a9b"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"MFdcgr+VnNL/V3YPbaxekrGnlQH83seZuBfib+8OeTEc3+v/SJaiZJL/U3LRQXkuSUNY3qToxSTcYnuG/KyVCw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-14T08:24:55.552729Z","bundle_sha256":"e20cde1cb433f0d2b3f2ed7f80777e710c69d3ad3346e5863ff7e77002bc0bf5"}}