{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2010:YZG6SXSG2Z4GW2CIZVF6K327TO","short_pith_number":"pith:YZG6SXSG","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1012.5675","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2010-12-27T22:40:24Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"1f0db416db8ccfdefc494ba0208f7b47d93be50f46d3e14dacf0fbd3a2d3d9b9","abstract_canon_sha256":"4d98b17e7a5487faa6597020a1fd850f842804d34d666268ff39f761a6e0c331"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"c64de95e46d6786b6848cd4be56f5f9ba4e7d264035bcaa09855b3967e2e173a","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1012.5675","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1012.5675","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:28:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1012.5675v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:28:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1012.5675","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:28:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"YZG6SXSG2Z4G","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"YZG6SXSG2Z4GW2CI","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"YZG6SXSG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:17Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2010:YZG6SXSG2Z4GW2CIZVF6K327TO","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1012.5675","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2010-12-27T22:40:24Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"1f0db416db8ccfdefc494ba0208f7b47d93be50f46d3e14dacf0fbd3a2d3d9b9","abstract_canon_sha256":"4d98b17e7a5487faa6597020a1fd850f842804d34d666268ff39f761a6e0c331"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"c64de95e46d6786b6848cd4be56f5f9ba4e7d264035bcaa09855b3967e2e173a","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T04:28:09.299499Z","signature_b64":"dCCFExRcG0XsT8diuvpgBPcHb6WkK27hY47OuE3EXYogHIjYVKbkbomO6LPkb0DxZf/E38g3NhRAE8G6JaqrCw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"c64de95e46d6786b6848cd4be56f5f9ba4e7d264035bcaa09855b3967e2e173a","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T04:28:09.298916Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T04:28:09.298916Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1012.5675","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T04:28:09Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ZvLPjk+CQtsL3Jw82t/z4BJsVY5osYzA531H0z/SVzoPLki1q1Q70+0uq8BemFIOvTOCqGPXEpgJDb72Vd0qAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-04T06:24:41.328136Z"},"content_sha256":"1bb8dd4338f955293a120c3c53f78c812b5c5fea046df86a6ea788354798c5e1","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:1bb8dd4338f955293a120c3c53f78c812b5c5fea046df86a6ea788354798c5e1"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2010:YZG6SXSG2Z4GW2CIZVF6K327TO","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Long-distance practical quantum key distribution by entanglement swapping","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"quant-ph","authors_text":"Artur Scherer, Barry C. Sanders, Wolfgang Tittel","submitted_at":"2010-12-27T22:40:24Z","abstract_excerpt":"We develop a model for practical, entanglement-based long-distance quantum key distribution employing entanglement swapping as a key building block. Relying only on existing off-the-shelf technology, we show how to optimize resources so as to maximize secret key distribution rates. The tools comprise lossy transmission links, such as telecom optical fibers or free space, parametric down-conversion sources of entangled photon pairs, and threshold detectors that are inefficient and have dark counts. Our analysis provides the optimal trade-off between detector efficiency and dark counts, which ar"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1012.5675","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T04:28:09Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Tcqt4xnze5G4uG0cfptxHEbf9lPFjuDERhnDQ6Tms2ATT7b7SzXvzQxlCxNMusSsOR+OBAjWr0650T8k2kF6AQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-04T06:24:41.328527Z"},"content_sha256":"41f478c9c02edc1adfdc75144fe1923c8dc6478d15d14d9b34a7884294bbbd07","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:41f478c9c02edc1adfdc75144fe1923c8dc6478d15d14d9b34a7884294bbbd07"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/YZG6SXSG2Z4GW2CIZVF6K327TO/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/YZG6SXSG2Z4GW2CIZVF6K327TO/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/YZG6SXSG2Z4GW2CIZVF6K327TO/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-04T06:24:41Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/YZG6SXSG2Z4GW2CIZVF6K327TO","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/YZG6SXSG2Z4GW2CIZVF6K327TO/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/YZG6SXSG2Z4GW2CIZVF6K327TO/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/YZG6SXSG2Z4GW2CIZVF6K327TO/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2010:YZG6SXSG2Z4GW2CIZVF6K327TO","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"4d98b17e7a5487faa6597020a1fd850f842804d34d666268ff39f761a6e0c331","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2010-12-27T22:40:24Z","title_canon_sha256":"1f0db416db8ccfdefc494ba0208f7b47d93be50f46d3e14dacf0fbd3a2d3d9b9"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1012.5675","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1012.5675","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:28:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1012.5675v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:28:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1012.5675","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:28:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"YZG6SXSG2Z4G","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"YZG6SXSG2Z4GW2CI","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"YZG6SXSG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:17Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:41f478c9c02edc1adfdc75144fe1923c8dc6478d15d14d9b34a7884294bbbd07","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:28:09Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We develop a model for practical, entanglement-based long-distance quantum key distribution employing entanglement swapping as a key building block. Relying only on existing off-the-shelf technology, we show how to optimize resources so as to maximize secret key distribution rates. The tools comprise lossy transmission links, such as telecom optical fibers or free space, parametric down-conversion sources of entangled photon pairs, and threshold detectors that are inefficient and have dark counts. Our analysis provides the optimal trade-off between detector efficiency and dark counts, which ar","authors_text":"Artur Scherer, Barry C. Sanders, Wolfgang Tittel","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2010-12-27T22:40:24Z","title":"Long-distance practical quantum key distribution by entanglement swapping"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1012.5675","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:1bb8dd4338f955293a120c3c53f78c812b5c5fea046df86a6ea788354798c5e1","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:28:09Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"4d98b17e7a5487faa6597020a1fd850f842804d34d666268ff39f761a6e0c331","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2010-12-27T22:40:24Z","title_canon_sha256":"1f0db416db8ccfdefc494ba0208f7b47d93be50f46d3e14dacf0fbd3a2d3d9b9"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1012.5675","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"c64de95e46d6786b6848cd4be56f5f9ba4e7d264035bcaa09855b3967e2e173a","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"c64de95e46d6786b6848cd4be56f5f9ba4e7d264035bcaa09855b3967e2e173a","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T04:28:09.298916Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T04:28:09.298916Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"dCCFExRcG0XsT8diuvpgBPcHb6WkK27hY47OuE3EXYogHIjYVKbkbomO6LPkb0DxZf/E38g3NhRAE8G6JaqrCw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T04:28:09.299499Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1012.5675","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:1bb8dd4338f955293a120c3c53f78c812b5c5fea046df86a6ea788354798c5e1","sha256:41f478c9c02edc1adfdc75144fe1923c8dc6478d15d14d9b34a7884294bbbd07"],"state_sha256":"978c0b37ea070687a95040a1e6681fd4098d73da9463e34963e56cb047e6cff8"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"OBu6M3vyowRhdw8PyMPC2dvPfMH3yZtVdZ6KTwUG/LdRDI8/T9WOrpAmG9B8xNtob4Im+jhJ4u8fCfzMV+PBDQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-04T06:24:41.331058Z","bundle_sha256":"e3729db0bdf06ce2d818fce44788280d68ab89d60c07f30bc3e554361ded0386"}}