{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2007:Z2XKVSGGAUHFLL6E5FY2BJVRUO","short_pith_number":"pith:Z2XKVSGG","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"0704.3567","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2007-04-26T15:10:46Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"ee2ea81e29193583faa940c5ea05a2aa732f7c1536ad17e6b0e62906f007db1b","abstract_canon_sha256":"08e1a83a30d73c50973d8a1a4b6682a3b48b745773e244c00006930ba8db548e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ceaeaac8c6050e55afc4e971a0a6b1a3ab74e5fb51eb98d79a1d60a83a01fbcb","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"0704.3567","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"0704.3567","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:44:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"0704.3567v1","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:44:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.0704.3567","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:44:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"Z2XKVSGGAUHF","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:44:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"Z2XKVSGGAUHFLL6E","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:44:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"Z2XKVSGG","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:44:17Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2007:Z2XKVSGGAUHFLL6E5FY2BJVRUO","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"0704.3567","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2007-04-26T15:10:46Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"ee2ea81e29193583faa940c5ea05a2aa732f7c1536ad17e6b0e62906f007db1b","abstract_canon_sha256":"08e1a83a30d73c50973d8a1a4b6682a3b48b745773e244c00006930ba8db548e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ceaeaac8c6050e55afc4e971a0a6b1a3ab74e5fb51eb98d79a1d60a83a01fbcb","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-04T15:44:17.541426Z","signature_b64":"xBRhqLRDBpABCze189Stm+QpzGu+ASZbD0faX1Vg9IiVYb7jWzHHklh1KE2I0J1Spg8gJXkwilnIiE5NL4i8Cg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"ceaeaac8c6050e55afc4e971a0a6b1a3ab74e5fb51eb98d79a1d60a83a01fbcb","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T15:44:17.541022Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T15:44:17.541022Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"0704.3567","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-04T15:44:17Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"3rRgOlZBNNxwzIeN7FNDA5U0jTksnHHpW9SHYwWWkEIY2kNyDUgQJk9T0/lnhiv78FrqwfoAtTrqoLtMg2GPBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T08:20:25.850237Z"},"content_sha256":"26121e511bdaeedfedb351a81e0fb1a296e88507bc9214f196f3fd3609ab95ae","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:26121e511bdaeedfedb351a81e0fb1a296e88507bc9214f196f3fd3609ab95ae"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2007:Z2XKVSGGAUHFLL6E5FY2BJVRUO","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Cosmic-Ray Events as Background in Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph","authors_text":"Gernot Maier, Johannes Knapp","submitted_at":"2007-04-26T15:10:46Z","abstract_excerpt":"The dominant background for observations of gamma-rays in the energy region above 50 GeV with Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes are cosmic-ray events. The images of most of the cosmic ray showers look significantly different from those of gamma-rays and are therefore easily discriminated. However, a small fraction of events seems to be indistinguishable from gamma-rays. This constitutes an irreducible background to the observation of high-energy gamma-ray sources, and limits the sensitivity achievable with a given instrument. Here, a Monte Carlo study of gamma-like cosmic-ray events is "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"0704.3567","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/0704.3567/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-04T15:44:17Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"+4SRkOjtc5ndeoed9ysYyFUdCP6TV7qILNPXrtTXUBsibmQtZz1+9RB48MzTS2yYGrmHgZPXE+AMv+ASWVgSBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T08:20:25.850626Z"},"content_sha256":"9a96cf54b464d4476f50a97ae2fb48e52709b8cf480205fa4d793e8761a495b2","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:9a96cf54b464d4476f50a97ae2fb48e52709b8cf480205fa4d793e8761a495b2"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/Z2XKVSGGAUHFLL6E5FY2BJVRUO/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/Z2XKVSGGAUHFLL6E5FY2BJVRUO/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/Z2XKVSGGAUHFLL6E5FY2BJVRUO/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-07T08:20:25Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/Z2XKVSGGAUHFLL6E5FY2BJVRUO","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/Z2XKVSGGAUHFLL6E5FY2BJVRUO/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/Z2XKVSGGAUHFLL6E5FY2BJVRUO/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/Z2XKVSGGAUHFLL6E5FY2BJVRUO/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2007:Z2XKVSGGAUHFLL6E5FY2BJVRUO","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"08e1a83a30d73c50973d8a1a4b6682a3b48b745773e244c00006930ba8db548e","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2007-04-26T15:10:46Z","title_canon_sha256":"ee2ea81e29193583faa940c5ea05a2aa732f7c1536ad17e6b0e62906f007db1b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"0704.3567","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"0704.3567","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:44:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"0704.3567v1","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:44:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.0704.3567","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:44:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"Z2XKVSGGAUHF","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:44:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"Z2XKVSGGAUHFLL6E","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:44:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"Z2XKVSGG","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:44:17Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:9a96cf54b464d4476f50a97ae2fb48e52709b8cf480205fa4d793e8761a495b2","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:44:17Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/0704.3567/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The dominant background for observations of gamma-rays in the energy region above 50 GeV with Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes are cosmic-ray events. The images of most of the cosmic ray showers look significantly different from those of gamma-rays and are therefore easily discriminated. However, a small fraction of events seems to be indistinguishable from gamma-rays. This constitutes an irreducible background to the observation of high-energy gamma-ray sources, and limits the sensitivity achievable with a given instrument. Here, a Monte Carlo study of gamma-like cosmic-ray events is ","authors_text":"Gernot Maier, Johannes Knapp","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2007-04-26T15:10:46Z","title":"Cosmic-Ray Events as Background in Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"0704.3567","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:26121e511bdaeedfedb351a81e0fb1a296e88507bc9214f196f3fd3609ab95ae","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:44:17Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"08e1a83a30d73c50973d8a1a4b6682a3b48b745773e244c00006930ba8db548e","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2007-04-26T15:10:46Z","title_canon_sha256":"ee2ea81e29193583faa940c5ea05a2aa732f7c1536ad17e6b0e62906f007db1b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"0704.3567","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"ceaeaac8c6050e55afc4e971a0a6b1a3ab74e5fb51eb98d79a1d60a83a01fbcb","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"ceaeaac8c6050e55afc4e971a0a6b1a3ab74e5fb51eb98d79a1d60a83a01fbcb","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T15:44:17.541022Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T15:44:17.541022Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"xBRhqLRDBpABCze189Stm+QpzGu+ASZbD0faX1Vg9IiVYb7jWzHHklh1KE2I0J1Spg8gJXkwilnIiE5NL4i8Cg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-04T15:44:17.541426Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"0704.3567","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:26121e511bdaeedfedb351a81e0fb1a296e88507bc9214f196f3fd3609ab95ae","sha256:9a96cf54b464d4476f50a97ae2fb48e52709b8cf480205fa4d793e8761a495b2"],"state_sha256":"1d81c2ae0de83478c0049b0da41e214d263939da46bf307fed0c5e08832876dd"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"8L1Zj3zi2K0FxO0OntLAnYJSOws6kEYQrF3OuymAp6D2ie9Nmw6VhVm7poWP40knN7/hCuJKEUOJTYIXiKVQAQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T08:20:25.852810Z","bundle_sha256":"cb759155934b3e4b60896f3ca6964fa6d283461617b07b415c037bd07e39ae15"}}