{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:Z45BJ43ZR2VZOSWCGX5DGCJS2B","short_pith_number":"pith:Z45BJ43Z","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2412.01541","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2024-12-02T14:31:11Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.CR"],"title_canon_sha256":"73bfc5101b6289b6ec2c41559bba5ba25cff64c548e7ca5b94cfda0771d11589","abstract_canon_sha256":"e841ebebda622f2df259c77bc1ebd14018012411c1e26997b907f7160cfad4e2"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"cf3a14f3798eab974ac235fa330932d070981e37e22084788d7c2f893bcf6d1b","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2412.01541","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2412.01541","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:43:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2412.01541v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:43:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2412.01541","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:43:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"Z45BJ43ZR2VZ","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:43:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"Z45BJ43ZR2VZOSWC","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:43:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"Z45BJ43Z","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:43:14Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:Z45BJ43ZR2VZOSWCGX5DGCJS2B","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2412.01541","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2024-12-02T14:31:11Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.CR"],"title_canon_sha256":"73bfc5101b6289b6ec2c41559bba5ba25cff64c548e7ca5b94cfda0771d11589","abstract_canon_sha256":"e841ebebda622f2df259c77bc1ebd14018012411c1e26997b907f7160cfad4e2"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"cf3a14f3798eab974ac235fa330932d070981e37e22084788d7c2f893bcf6d1b","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T09:43:14.748427Z","signature_b64":"DXn46JJiXkfF8LUl0tzffLILBj059OGRtdCNStREVSVN3uhqJNHRBjLUpa4o2PG+Lcyd/muJtY72DLuuyontCw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"cf3a14f3798eab974ac235fa330932d070981e37e22084788d7c2f893bcf6d1b","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T09:43:14.747949Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T09:43:14.747949Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2412.01541","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T09:43:14Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"stNvCy8Bjv6B3qVnliF8vSUTnoXPcSiRDdtlQGYLOtFeag0yjBPW1m8dfguHJp1TwGhaje1txCeL6RDyRxfMAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-16T04:56:59.660063Z"},"content_sha256":"af00ff77ce050bf57b2f676ea28d851e0d1785e15db38a123fc089c15b2d01ad","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:af00ff77ce050bf57b2f676ea28d851e0d1785e15db38a123fc089c15b2d01ad"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:Z45BJ43ZR2VZOSWCGX5DGCJS2B","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Effectiveness of L2 Regularization in Privacy-Preserving Machine Learning","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.CR"],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"(2) Wire Communications, Aristotelis Spiliotis (1), Centre for Research, Computer Engineering, Dept. of Electrical, Greece, Greece), Hellenic Institute of Transport, Iliana Loi (2), Information Technology Laboratory, Ioannis Symeonidis (1), Konstantinos Moustakas (2) ((1) Human Factors, Maria Panou (1), Nikolaos Chandrinos (1), Panagiotis Zachos (2), Patras, Technology Hellas, Thermi, University of Patras, Vehicle Technology","submitted_at":"2024-12-02T14:31:11Z","abstract_excerpt":"Artificial intelligence, machine learning, and deep learning as a service have become the status quo for many industries, leading to the widespread deployment of models that handle sensitive data. Well-performing models, the industry seeks, usually rely on a large volume of training data. However, the use of such data raises serious privacy concerns due to the potential risks of leaks of highly sensitive information. One prominent threat is the Membership Inference Attack, where adversaries attempt to deduce whether a specific data point was used in a model's training process. An adversary's a"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2412.01541","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2412.01541/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T09:43:14Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"MVkMaNL/SrsqWZRSLdGh5QBImvARg2Tk01rGSMWCgOFVpFIe47mEeiAf5VlaTel7aClx9hutRw0hwQqef0IZAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-16T04:56:59.660622Z"},"content_sha256":"39d0e1575db9909c9a6552a75a3387c82354c2104db35813efe6424d615fd6e7","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:39d0e1575db9909c9a6552a75a3387c82354c2104db35813efe6424d615fd6e7"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/Z45BJ43ZR2VZOSWCGX5DGCJS2B/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/Z45BJ43ZR2VZOSWCGX5DGCJS2B/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/Z45BJ43ZR2VZOSWCGX5DGCJS2B/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-16T04:56:59Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/Z45BJ43ZR2VZOSWCGX5DGCJS2B","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/Z45BJ43ZR2VZOSWCGX5DGCJS2B/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/Z45BJ43ZR2VZOSWCGX5DGCJS2B/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/Z45BJ43ZR2VZOSWCGX5DGCJS2B/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:Z45BJ43ZR2VZOSWCGX5DGCJS2B","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"e841ebebda622f2df259c77bc1ebd14018012411c1e26997b907f7160cfad4e2","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.CR"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2024-12-02T14:31:11Z","title_canon_sha256":"73bfc5101b6289b6ec2c41559bba5ba25cff64c548e7ca5b94cfda0771d11589"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2412.01541","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2412.01541","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:43:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2412.01541v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:43:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2412.01541","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:43:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"Z45BJ43ZR2VZ","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:43:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"Z45BJ43ZR2VZOSWC","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:43:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"Z45BJ43Z","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:43:14Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:39d0e1575db9909c9a6552a75a3387c82354c2104db35813efe6424d615fd6e7","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:43:14Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2412.01541/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Artificial intelligence, machine learning, and deep learning as a service have become the status quo for many industries, leading to the widespread deployment of models that handle sensitive data. Well-performing models, the industry seeks, usually rely on a large volume of training data. However, the use of such data raises serious privacy concerns due to the potential risks of leaks of highly sensitive information. One prominent threat is the Membership Inference Attack, where adversaries attempt to deduce whether a specific data point was used in a model's training process. An adversary's a","authors_text":"(2) Wire Communications, Aristotelis Spiliotis (1), Centre for Research, Computer Engineering, Dept. of Electrical, Greece, Greece), Hellenic Institute of Transport, Iliana Loi (2), Information Technology Laboratory, Ioannis Symeonidis (1), Konstantinos Moustakas (2) ((1) Human Factors, Maria Panou (1), Nikolaos Chandrinos (1), Panagiotis Zachos (2), Patras, Technology Hellas, Thermi, University of Patras, Vehicle Technology","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.CR"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2024-12-02T14:31:11Z","title":"Effectiveness of L2 Regularization in Privacy-Preserving Machine Learning"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2412.01541","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:af00ff77ce050bf57b2f676ea28d851e0d1785e15db38a123fc089c15b2d01ad","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:43:14Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"e841ebebda622f2df259c77bc1ebd14018012411c1e26997b907f7160cfad4e2","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.CR"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2024-12-02T14:31:11Z","title_canon_sha256":"73bfc5101b6289b6ec2c41559bba5ba25cff64c548e7ca5b94cfda0771d11589"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2412.01541","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"cf3a14f3798eab974ac235fa330932d070981e37e22084788d7c2f893bcf6d1b","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"cf3a14f3798eab974ac235fa330932d070981e37e22084788d7c2f893bcf6d1b","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T09:43:14.747949Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T09:43:14.747949Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"DXn46JJiXkfF8LUl0tzffLILBj059OGRtdCNStREVSVN3uhqJNHRBjLUpa4o2PG+Lcyd/muJtY72DLuuyontCw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T09:43:14.748427Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2412.01541","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:af00ff77ce050bf57b2f676ea28d851e0d1785e15db38a123fc089c15b2d01ad","sha256:39d0e1575db9909c9a6552a75a3387c82354c2104db35813efe6424d615fd6e7"],"state_sha256":"049a067e32e49387e486d213e48ef2af317bbebcb5b0bd7971bc0ae66fb9d243"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Ms38LkOt5nyeefLYw7TCkFlG/Ehcn1QiSVO6hFWuGe7y/WoGCVFFhwypG/gYdddkrhpj5e7qWdHcmA6HeiW/DA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-16T04:56:59.665981Z","bundle_sha256":"5bc2dc5a7d055d311cde546a2375dd5102577d983f49a2e91d709aa7e9f192c0"}}