{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:Z5DMRDGHHA7K3EBE4TLXVWM5LP","short_pith_number":"pith:Z5DMRDGH","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1908.00699","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"math.OC","submitted_at":"2019-08-02T04:20:19Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.SY","eess.SY"],"title_canon_sha256":"9c78109d3871a2adeae8a2e5d11da62f563ad684826124394a67a1180dc22851","abstract_canon_sha256":"79fb3133b33ab8954e889521dc30beb4e5f65751551574e6695bcefb6e4531fc"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"cf46c88cc7383ead9024e4d77ad99d5bf29aec1e3419a230e2ed5ad18bbbfc54","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1908.00699","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1908.00699","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:51:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1908.00699v1","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:51:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1908.00699","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:51:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"Z5DMRDGHHA7K","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:51:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"Z5DMRDGHHA7K3EBE","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:51:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"Z5DMRDGH","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:51:08Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:Z5DMRDGHHA7K3EBE4TLXVWM5LP","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1908.00699","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"math.OC","submitted_at":"2019-08-02T04:20:19Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.SY","eess.SY"],"title_canon_sha256":"9c78109d3871a2adeae8a2e5d11da62f563ad684826124394a67a1180dc22851","abstract_canon_sha256":"79fb3133b33ab8954e889521dc30beb4e5f65751551574e6695bcefb6e4531fc"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"cf46c88cc7383ead9024e4d77ad99d5bf29aec1e3419a230e2ed5ad18bbbfc54","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-04T23:51:08.691442Z","signature_b64":"D0rkxFwZmxk5Ye1XftcnOoAvyUhthFobBVmfNG68EkD9evteG4gR2Lrr55f9qDjW6nLqUquN9MZXz+jTMa+zAg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"cf46c88cc7383ead9024e4d77ad99d5bf29aec1e3419a230e2ed5ad18bbbfc54","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T23:51:08.690946Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T23:51:08.690946Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1908.00699","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-04T23:51:08Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"pVE6mcop709OQ3wSlFK2JVVsnmnXAhCMNDD0HPYt70nMDMj1tqj/GpLOAJmIluisLtDIq52MMJsyxAuimQHeAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-16T13:07:40.951978Z"},"content_sha256":"7069507c404e2bf8498e3f54662dd9b278722397ca8accf511eafc28878864ff","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:7069507c404e2bf8498e3f54662dd9b278722397ca8accf511eafc28878864ff"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:Z5DMRDGHHA7K3EBE4TLXVWM5LP","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Efficiency Fairness Tradeoff in Battery Sharing","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.SY","eess.SY"],"primary_cat":"math.OC","authors_text":"Ankur A. Kulkarni, Jayakrishnan Nair, Karan N. Chadha","submitted_at":"2019-08-02T04:20:19Z","abstract_excerpt":"The increasing presence of decentralized renewable generation in the power grid has motivated consumers to install batteries to save excess energy for future use. The high price of energy storage calls for a shared storage system, but careful battery management is required so that the battery is operated in a manner that is fair to all and as efficiently as possible. In this paper, we study the tradeoffs between efficiency and fairness in operating a shared battery. We develop a framework based on constrained Markov decision processes to study both regimes, namely, optimizing efficiency under "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1908.00699","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/1908.00699/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-04T23:51:08Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"+kCmxaNbhXk1C2D3Y2kN0bnxq05fnopQDdJ1MyePwVqFoOEPMz0Ki3eWLkeuh9MG+mIklhcHY3Q2JLlmQTlCCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-16T13:07:40.952517Z"},"content_sha256":"b90bdd320934958e1ed2e260ace608695aaa41a82d57ffa0b0bf8dfd705ccbc7","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b90bdd320934958e1ed2e260ace608695aaa41a82d57ffa0b0bf8dfd705ccbc7"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/Z5DMRDGHHA7K3EBE4TLXVWM5LP/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/Z5DMRDGHHA7K3EBE4TLXVWM5LP/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/Z5DMRDGHHA7K3EBE4TLXVWM5LP/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-16T13:07:40Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/Z5DMRDGHHA7K3EBE4TLXVWM5LP","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/Z5DMRDGHHA7K3EBE4TLXVWM5LP/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/Z5DMRDGHHA7K3EBE4TLXVWM5LP/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/Z5DMRDGHHA7K3EBE4TLXVWM5LP/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:Z5DMRDGHHA7K3EBE4TLXVWM5LP","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"79fb3133b33ab8954e889521dc30beb4e5f65751551574e6695bcefb6e4531fc","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.SY","eess.SY"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"math.OC","submitted_at":"2019-08-02T04:20:19Z","title_canon_sha256":"9c78109d3871a2adeae8a2e5d11da62f563ad684826124394a67a1180dc22851"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1908.00699","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1908.00699","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:51:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1908.00699v1","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:51:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1908.00699","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:51:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"Z5DMRDGHHA7K","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:51:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"Z5DMRDGHHA7K3EBE","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:51:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"Z5DMRDGH","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:51:08Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:b90bdd320934958e1ed2e260ace608695aaa41a82d57ffa0b0bf8dfd705ccbc7","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:51:08Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/1908.00699/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The increasing presence of decentralized renewable generation in the power grid has motivated consumers to install batteries to save excess energy for future use. The high price of energy storage calls for a shared storage system, but careful battery management is required so that the battery is operated in a manner that is fair to all and as efficiently as possible. In this paper, we study the tradeoffs between efficiency and fairness in operating a shared battery. We develop a framework based on constrained Markov decision processes to study both regimes, namely, optimizing efficiency under ","authors_text":"Ankur A. Kulkarni, Jayakrishnan Nair, Karan N. Chadha","cross_cats":["cs.SY","eess.SY"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"math.OC","submitted_at":"2019-08-02T04:20:19Z","title":"Efficiency Fairness Tradeoff in Battery Sharing"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1908.00699","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:7069507c404e2bf8498e3f54662dd9b278722397ca8accf511eafc28878864ff","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:51:08Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"79fb3133b33ab8954e889521dc30beb4e5f65751551574e6695bcefb6e4531fc","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.SY","eess.SY"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"math.OC","submitted_at":"2019-08-02T04:20:19Z","title_canon_sha256":"9c78109d3871a2adeae8a2e5d11da62f563ad684826124394a67a1180dc22851"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1908.00699","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"cf46c88cc7383ead9024e4d77ad99d5bf29aec1e3419a230e2ed5ad18bbbfc54","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"cf46c88cc7383ead9024e4d77ad99d5bf29aec1e3419a230e2ed5ad18bbbfc54","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T23:51:08.690946Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T23:51:08.690946Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"D0rkxFwZmxk5Ye1XftcnOoAvyUhthFobBVmfNG68EkD9evteG4gR2Lrr55f9qDjW6nLqUquN9MZXz+jTMa+zAg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-04T23:51:08.691442Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1908.00699","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:7069507c404e2bf8498e3f54662dd9b278722397ca8accf511eafc28878864ff","sha256:b90bdd320934958e1ed2e260ace608695aaa41a82d57ffa0b0bf8dfd705ccbc7"],"state_sha256":"dfd64a4e55f118f0e0e0294471bf2d237adfd412cb871503a7222e22513003cd"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"41NoNRWZVdZ7ELs5ag4A8eOERuA1Sm8hm0lQPc7ymv8kAzeSIYfcN7oeUKbfOUiQxpwJJ+zFWekkmxVWaFZ8Dw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-16T13:07:40.956256Z","bundle_sha256":"d64df2605fa7a15d6b6d9c6c51c7d15ba092a3211311049009dab7c40803d7dc"}}