{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:Z5NLMWRFDWWJ7PDWUZLOAJVP7W","short_pith_number":"pith:Z5NLMWRF","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1509.08884","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.med-ph","submitted_at":"2015-09-29T18:49:37Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"8f752601f682355c296c048724e4921897ec5c933ab4be0bc0bb05080a8ca7e7","abstract_canon_sha256":"24c9afdda99a6290c99658d2c591591508bb1e013888a93f5d734a6b29ff7f77"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"cf5ab65a251dac9fbc76a656e026affdbac916d4bb186a33bb6d2db0c01b331e","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1509.08884","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1509.08884","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:22:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1509.08884v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:22:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1509.08884","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:22:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"Z5NLMWRFDWWJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"Z5NLMWRFDWWJ7PDW","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"Z5NLMWRF","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:52Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:Z5NLMWRFDWWJ7PDWUZLOAJVP7W","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1509.08884","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.med-ph","submitted_at":"2015-09-29T18:49:37Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"8f752601f682355c296c048724e4921897ec5c933ab4be0bc0bb05080a8ca7e7","abstract_canon_sha256":"24c9afdda99a6290c99658d2c591591508bb1e013888a93f5d734a6b29ff7f77"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"cf5ab65a251dac9fbc76a656e026affdbac916d4bb186a33bb6d2db0c01b331e","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:22:35.872841Z","signature_b64":"yMWUS9uRgqXe0Z7Po3AYDzB4m1E7dwDV0wAmqLSlVAPRHquUfFiUzTZLzDth5ngy/hcCZ5go23kkq1LCAx4qDw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"cf5ab65a251dac9fbc76a656e026affdbac916d4bb186a33bb6d2db0c01b331e","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:22:35.872369Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:22:35.872369Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1509.08884","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:22:35Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ufFvISqhLHNlKntxPzfsiIWe1Wivo6ZRcOLXm41y2D/i6NudeKRFCwEDC1uaVKtsIg58MrwJRkJGjpvZ4QGQCg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-12T03:20:19.071499Z"},"content_sha256":"2411b3a4c57730295890a3100c264e33be62e6e2821d19344ee195ee3ad77e98","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:2411b3a4c57730295890a3100c264e33be62e6e2821d19344ee195ee3ad77e98"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:Z5NLMWRFDWWJ7PDWUZLOAJVP7W","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Optimising Element Choice for Nanoparticle Radiosensitisers","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.med-ph","authors_text":"Harald Paganetti, Kevin M. Prise, Stephen J. McMahon","submitted_at":"2015-09-29T18:49:37Z","abstract_excerpt":"There is considerable interest in the use of heavy atom nanoparticles as theranostic contrast agents due to their high radiation cross-section compared to soft tissue. However, published studies have primarily focused on applications of gold nanoparticles. This study applies Monte Carlo radiation transport modelling using Geant4 to evaluate the macro- and micro-scale radiation dose enhancement following X-ray irradiation with both imaging and therapeutic energies on nanoparticles consisting of stable elements heavier than silicon. An approach based on the Local Effect Model was also used to as"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1509.08884","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:22:35Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"R8Kw1Rr6NJdGQRlObbVwEzKNOWL7ks4Dwmi5iaWYLcdyBXp9NIqKG17u3z6aF+HPQ2KnLQi6vRe5XF9PP5BbCA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-12T03:20:19.072171Z"},"content_sha256":"7a39fc52e704d039004eb8c1ae8dfe0504c3dc4b2e327f486cf6deda04fc600e","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:7a39fc52e704d039004eb8c1ae8dfe0504c3dc4b2e327f486cf6deda04fc600e"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/Z5NLMWRFDWWJ7PDWUZLOAJVP7W/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/Z5NLMWRFDWWJ7PDWUZLOAJVP7W/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/Z5NLMWRFDWWJ7PDWUZLOAJVP7W/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-12T03:20:19Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/Z5NLMWRFDWWJ7PDWUZLOAJVP7W","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/Z5NLMWRFDWWJ7PDWUZLOAJVP7W/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/Z5NLMWRFDWWJ7PDWUZLOAJVP7W/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/Z5NLMWRFDWWJ7PDWUZLOAJVP7W/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:Z5NLMWRFDWWJ7PDWUZLOAJVP7W","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"24c9afdda99a6290c99658d2c591591508bb1e013888a93f5d734a6b29ff7f77","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.med-ph","submitted_at":"2015-09-29T18:49:37Z","title_canon_sha256":"8f752601f682355c296c048724e4921897ec5c933ab4be0bc0bb05080a8ca7e7"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1509.08884","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1509.08884","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:22:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1509.08884v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:22:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1509.08884","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:22:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"Z5NLMWRFDWWJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"Z5NLMWRFDWWJ7PDW","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"Z5NLMWRF","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:52Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:7a39fc52e704d039004eb8c1ae8dfe0504c3dc4b2e327f486cf6deda04fc600e","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:22:35Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"There is considerable interest in the use of heavy atom nanoparticles as theranostic contrast agents due to their high radiation cross-section compared to soft tissue. However, published studies have primarily focused on applications of gold nanoparticles. This study applies Monte Carlo radiation transport modelling using Geant4 to evaluate the macro- and micro-scale radiation dose enhancement following X-ray irradiation with both imaging and therapeutic energies on nanoparticles consisting of stable elements heavier than silicon. An approach based on the Local Effect Model was also used to as","authors_text":"Harald Paganetti, Kevin M. Prise, Stephen J. McMahon","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.med-ph","submitted_at":"2015-09-29T18:49:37Z","title":"Optimising Element Choice for Nanoparticle Radiosensitisers"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1509.08884","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:2411b3a4c57730295890a3100c264e33be62e6e2821d19344ee195ee3ad77e98","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:22:35Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"24c9afdda99a6290c99658d2c591591508bb1e013888a93f5d734a6b29ff7f77","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.med-ph","submitted_at":"2015-09-29T18:49:37Z","title_canon_sha256":"8f752601f682355c296c048724e4921897ec5c933ab4be0bc0bb05080a8ca7e7"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1509.08884","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"cf5ab65a251dac9fbc76a656e026affdbac916d4bb186a33bb6d2db0c01b331e","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"cf5ab65a251dac9fbc76a656e026affdbac916d4bb186a33bb6d2db0c01b331e","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:22:35.872369Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:22:35.872369Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"yMWUS9uRgqXe0Z7Po3AYDzB4m1E7dwDV0wAmqLSlVAPRHquUfFiUzTZLzDth5ngy/hcCZ5go23kkq1LCAx4qDw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:22:35.872841Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1509.08884","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:2411b3a4c57730295890a3100c264e33be62e6e2821d19344ee195ee3ad77e98","sha256:7a39fc52e704d039004eb8c1ae8dfe0504c3dc4b2e327f486cf6deda04fc600e"],"state_sha256":"728249a6cc3d67e188800e3b52466d70f3c708e81c928d9188a41cc3cf379529"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"HVfqxP2Lr4ytxCUh9kYOEolfiPL7fgO6gJCgrxSSr/n4IftAf5nhm2iFQr2NlkG7WEtFH5MysbtBPLh2IRQnCw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-12T03:20:19.076922Z","bundle_sha256":"7701f26f29c8d524e1b2a7921d6a75deb10cbd621067a5d80ab850955125b2ef"}}