{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2013:Z5Q2D4YPWVHBFKI5HVIYE52ZNY","short_pith_number":"pith:Z5Q2D4YP","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1310.8443","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2013-10-31T10:14:30Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"396927fe1d62e6562127efa69cd29e6d06586c426213928c72c90e13ad71de3b","abstract_canon_sha256":"cdc25bda2f6e05a2b0b1de23bcad07333a4acf91b50f1d3065cb052d06a1cdcf"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"cf61a1f30fb54e12a91d3d518277596e01d50122e335142e343a78a76071e80e","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1310.8443","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1310.8443","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:08:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1310.8443v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:08:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1310.8443","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:08:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"Z5Q2D4YPWVHB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"Z5Q2D4YPWVHBFKI5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"Z5Q2D4YP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:09Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2013:Z5Q2D4YPWVHBFKI5HVIYE52ZNY","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1310.8443","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2013-10-31T10:14:30Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"396927fe1d62e6562127efa69cd29e6d06586c426213928c72c90e13ad71de3b","abstract_canon_sha256":"cdc25bda2f6e05a2b0b1de23bcad07333a4acf91b50f1d3065cb052d06a1cdcf"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"cf61a1f30fb54e12a91d3d518277596e01d50122e335142e343a78a76071e80e","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:08:15.576032Z","signature_b64":"ku8Rc4fmsn+PZEhrB+wPR1USvlEOrImQJdhrZ5n3C7UGOzihpmCaQzaDudD0RsA8dLIEjaTeHm2h6ezxKztmBw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"cf61a1f30fb54e12a91d3d518277596e01d50122e335142e343a78a76071e80e","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:08:15.575498Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:08:15.575498Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1310.8443","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:08:15Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Hj5HS9knV3QRLdLXDFObylsgokZx7nEvyTjFWYhj66XIR7Q0X9kQf/Y0cTiBYiw7TP7kwLdGhUI7HqlDBZRfAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-10T13:42:40.557961Z"},"content_sha256":"7639380a2e875dd6fab64517be4ba7aa6af6e07c2abf682fdad6a951b96197d3","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:7639380a2e875dd6fab64517be4ba7aa6af6e07c2abf682fdad6a951b96197d3"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2013:Z5Q2D4YPWVHBFKI5HVIYE52ZNY","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Inconsistency of the Wolf sunspot number series around 1848","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","authors_text":"I.G. Usoskin, K. Mursula, R. Arlt, R. Leussu","submitted_at":"2013-10-31T10:14:30Z","abstract_excerpt":"Aims. Sunspot number is a benchmark series in many studies, but may still contain inhomogeneities and inconsistencies. In particular, an essential discrepancy exists between the two main sunspot number series, Wolf (WSN) and group (GSN) sunspot numbers, before 1848. The source of this discrepancy has so far remained unresolved. However, the recently digitized series of solar observations in 1825-1867 by Samuel Heinrich Schwabe, who was the primary observer of the WSN before 1848, makes such an assessment possible. Methods. We construct sunspot series, similar to WSN and GSN, but using only Sch"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1310.8443","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:08:15Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Jy+T2xPxDqnZuwoLtlRX1ER8vCASdq+0V24bXFcidUuw+Q4doUQCk2MzqZsMOrtVwnkbPWBCBtjfX67VuWtSAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-10T13:42:40.558701Z"},"content_sha256":"a37f434cd9833e9b4d22477b17a9abb9d4a762b928a60e7c5de7b7af8424ccaa","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a37f434cd9833e9b4d22477b17a9abb9d4a762b928a60e7c5de7b7af8424ccaa"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/Z5Q2D4YPWVHBFKI5HVIYE52ZNY/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/Z5Q2D4YPWVHBFKI5HVIYE52ZNY/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/Z5Q2D4YPWVHBFKI5HVIYE52ZNY/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-10T13:42:40Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/Z5Q2D4YPWVHBFKI5HVIYE52ZNY","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/Z5Q2D4YPWVHBFKI5HVIYE52ZNY/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/Z5Q2D4YPWVHBFKI5HVIYE52ZNY/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/Z5Q2D4YPWVHBFKI5HVIYE52ZNY/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2013:Z5Q2D4YPWVHBFKI5HVIYE52ZNY","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"cdc25bda2f6e05a2b0b1de23bcad07333a4acf91b50f1d3065cb052d06a1cdcf","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2013-10-31T10:14:30Z","title_canon_sha256":"396927fe1d62e6562127efa69cd29e6d06586c426213928c72c90e13ad71de3b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1310.8443","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1310.8443","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:08:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1310.8443v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:08:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1310.8443","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:08:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"Z5Q2D4YPWVHB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"Z5Q2D4YPWVHBFKI5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"Z5Q2D4YP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:09Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:a37f434cd9833e9b4d22477b17a9abb9d4a762b928a60e7c5de7b7af8424ccaa","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:08:15Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Aims. Sunspot number is a benchmark series in many studies, but may still contain inhomogeneities and inconsistencies. In particular, an essential discrepancy exists between the two main sunspot number series, Wolf (WSN) and group (GSN) sunspot numbers, before 1848. The source of this discrepancy has so far remained unresolved. However, the recently digitized series of solar observations in 1825-1867 by Samuel Heinrich Schwabe, who was the primary observer of the WSN before 1848, makes such an assessment possible. Methods. We construct sunspot series, similar to WSN and GSN, but using only Sch","authors_text":"I.G. Usoskin, K. Mursula, R. Arlt, R. Leussu","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2013-10-31T10:14:30Z","title":"Inconsistency of the Wolf sunspot number series around 1848"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1310.8443","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:7639380a2e875dd6fab64517be4ba7aa6af6e07c2abf682fdad6a951b96197d3","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:08:15Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"cdc25bda2f6e05a2b0b1de23bcad07333a4acf91b50f1d3065cb052d06a1cdcf","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2013-10-31T10:14:30Z","title_canon_sha256":"396927fe1d62e6562127efa69cd29e6d06586c426213928c72c90e13ad71de3b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1310.8443","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"cf61a1f30fb54e12a91d3d518277596e01d50122e335142e343a78a76071e80e","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"cf61a1f30fb54e12a91d3d518277596e01d50122e335142e343a78a76071e80e","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:08:15.575498Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:08:15.575498Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"ku8Rc4fmsn+PZEhrB+wPR1USvlEOrImQJdhrZ5n3C7UGOzihpmCaQzaDudD0RsA8dLIEjaTeHm2h6ezxKztmBw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:08:15.576032Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1310.8443","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:7639380a2e875dd6fab64517be4ba7aa6af6e07c2abf682fdad6a951b96197d3","sha256:a37f434cd9833e9b4d22477b17a9abb9d4a762b928a60e7c5de7b7af8424ccaa"],"state_sha256":"d68c70e78be13abca159d7d9e67839ff79081ffffb0b968858b61f269215ded7"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"YwHw4YVsIoRUrca70Uw7UrQQ+zJRtLNicy9x+FcNKEoMBRkbVeZdQYx0PUAPGRKIt1zeJRaMdlXCezfhJ+gwDw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-10T13:42:40.562599Z","bundle_sha256":"eac086e999797a1d490840d4e61844492e77b0d3fed2c6311e83fe0bd404657e"}}