{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2018:Z5Z5NAEFGYKFWXS2SY74QINGHV","short_pith_number":"pith:Z5Z5NAEF","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"cf73d6808536145b5e5a963fc821a63d69c46e0c600a34d3ebe7b51e9b8dff4e","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1810.00115","version":1},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"The Role of Downflows in Establishing Solar Near-Surface Shear","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","authors_text":"Bradley W. Hindman, J. Toomre, Loren I. Matilsky","submitted_at":"2018-09-28T23:33:43Z","abstract_excerpt":"The dynamical origins of the Sun's tachocline and near-surface shear layer (NSSL) are still not well understood. We have attempted to self-consistently reproduce a NSSL in numerical simulations of a solar-like convection zone by increasing the density contrast across rotating, 3D spherical shells. We explore the hypothesis that high density contrast leads to near-surface shear by creating a rotationally unconstrained layer of fast flows near the outer surface. Although our high-contrast models do have near-surface shear, it is confined primarily to low latitudes (between $\\pm15^\\circ$). Two di"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1810.00115","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2018-09-28T23:33:43Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"b77dcfbcdee71d3842daae4e46fcc4ff9a030b5330b13cb93b13e5b9a866f4bb","abstract_canon_sha256":"29f6b5de95a63e0eaaa45daae1fe38c54a991109c944cfa353048b95ee6af9e8"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:54:53.697490Z","signature_b64":"eBVucdwezHDs7YCfiVPu/B2jRdZmc2z5Xm5QFX8e+VQs7KYCMRYXulCa8MkduxlIg1PDR7fN8XiWb2xEJbYaAA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"cf73d6808536145b5e5a963fc821a63d69c46e0c600a34d3ebe7b51e9b8dff4e","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:54:53.696869Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:54:53.696869Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"The Role of Downflows in Establishing Solar Near-Surface Shear","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","authors_text":"Bradley W. Hindman, J. Toomre, Loren I. Matilsky","submitted_at":"2018-09-28T23:33:43Z","abstract_excerpt":"The dynamical origins of the Sun's tachocline and near-surface shear layer (NSSL) are still not well understood. We have attempted to self-consistently reproduce a NSSL in numerical simulations of a solar-like convection zone by increasing the density contrast across rotating, 3D spherical shells. We explore the hypothesis that high density contrast leads to near-surface shear by creating a rotationally unconstrained layer of fast flows near the outer surface. Although our high-contrast models do have near-surface shear, it is confined primarily to low latitudes (between $\\pm15^\\circ$). Two di"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1810.00115","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1810.00115","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:54:53.696949+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1810.00115v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:54:53.696949+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1810.00115","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:54:53.696949+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"Z5Z5NAEFGYKF","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:04.347982+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"Z5Z5NAEFGYKFWXS2","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:04.347982+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"Z5Z5NAEF","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:04.347982+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":2,"internal_anchor_count":2,"sample":[{"citing_arxiv_id":"2605.19534","citing_title":"Towards inertial-mode helioseismology: Direct sensing of solar rotation at 75 deg latitude and 0.8 Rsun","ref_index":138,"is_internal_anchor":true},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2510.04008","citing_title":"RACE Attention: A Strictly Linear-Time Attention Layer for Training on Outrageously Large Contexts","ref_index":5,"is_internal_anchor":true}]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/Z5Z5NAEFGYKFWXS2SY74QINGHV","json":"https://pith.science/pith/Z5Z5NAEFGYKFWXS2SY74QINGHV.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/Z5Z5NAEFGYKFWXS2SY74QINGHV/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/Z5Z5NAEFGYKFWXS2SY74QINGHV/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/Z5Z5NAEF"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/Z5Z5NAEFGYKFWXS2SY74QINGHV","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/Z5Z5NAEFGYKFWXS2SY74QINGHV.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/Z5Z5NAEF","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=1810.00115&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/Z5Z5NAEFGYKFWXS2SY74QINGHV/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/Z5Z5NAEFGYKFWXS2SY74QINGHV/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/Z5Z5NAEFGYKFWXS2SY74QINGHV/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/Z5Z5NAEFGYKFWXS2SY74QINGHV/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/Z5Z5NAEFGYKFWXS2SY74QINGHV/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/Z5Z5NAEFGYKFWXS2SY74QINGHV/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/Z5Z5NAEFGYKFWXS2SY74QINGHV/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:54:53.696949+00:00","updated_at":"2026-05-17T23:54:53.696949+00:00"}