{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:Z6NETYLQVYCWKGKCPUEIEQZ2HM","short_pith_number":"pith:Z6NETYLQ","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2210.05619","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2022-10-11T17:06:38Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"90296d882791b95332a50216fc85001ce50da8fe6e41ac8e82582bf521177b0f","abstract_canon_sha256":"02751b3ede457026ab4b3d14cfdb9f11d43afa65d82c690779b0a6a9074021f1"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"cf9a49e170ae056519427d0882433a3b0b2592daf1f0767835da9635163b9a17","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2210.05619","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2210.05619","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:00:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2210.05619v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:00:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2210.05619","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:00:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"Z6NETYLQVYCW","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:00:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"Z6NETYLQVYCWKGKC","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:00:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"Z6NETYLQ","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:00:32Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:Z6NETYLQVYCWKGKCPUEIEQZ2HM","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2210.05619","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2022-10-11T17:06:38Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"90296d882791b95332a50216fc85001ce50da8fe6e41ac8e82582bf521177b0f","abstract_canon_sha256":"02751b3ede457026ab4b3d14cfdb9f11d43afa65d82c690779b0a6a9074021f1"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"cf9a49e170ae056519427d0882433a3b0b2592daf1f0767835da9635163b9a17","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T06:00:32.944798Z","signature_b64":"MYQL4w8CcgKPvMyrGiNMwpGTdRW6tUTj30qo7z+qgj4RfE94lZLHBNaQpbXcANT2Qzwhfx+8j+tB+8Szc1wCCg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"cf9a49e170ae056519427d0882433a3b0b2592daf1f0767835da9635163b9a17","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T06:00:32.944250Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T06:00:32.944250Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2210.05619","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T06:00:32Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"k9pJTHBypkyIm8QRN8md9BWLoNVZoU6ywdg5elZ5I7AyUiVv3eOjeg5vtOQ6RlUjAijXOsMcuA91Iguvx3yfBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-08T16:44:13.111038Z"},"content_sha256":"a2aa42fc23a5513202bafd9e2132cf3a038edb39d7cff8bcb4d8d9c4fee8b4c7","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a2aa42fc23a5513202bafd9e2132cf3a038edb39d7cff8bcb4d8d9c4fee8b4c7"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:Z6NETYLQVYCWKGKCPUEIEQZ2HM","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Multilingual BERT has an accent: Evaluating English influences on fluency in multilingual models","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Dan Jurafsky, Isabel Papadimitriou, Kezia Lopez","submitted_at":"2022-10-11T17:06:38Z","abstract_excerpt":"While multilingual language models can improve NLP performance on low-resource languages by leveraging higher-resource languages, they also reduce average performance on all languages (the 'curse of multilinguality'). Here we show another problem with multilingual models: grammatical structures in higher-resource languages bleed into lower-resource languages, a phenomenon we call grammatical structure bias. We show this bias via a novel method for comparing the fluency of multilingual models to the fluency of monolingual Spanish and Greek models: testing their preference for two carefully-chos"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2210.05619","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2210.05619/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T06:00:32Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"3VtXK8QTPkUVfPyfbvxEEUQ/zhhAVWur12F1Jny4/6Xdy87htuNj/LP0itq+P6V7p+byhM+THsU7eXevB6EFCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-08T16:44:13.111412Z"},"content_sha256":"25c22aa513e17a6cdec5bfd06037c611ce19dfeed505c2c08064589d1c7b40cb","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:25c22aa513e17a6cdec5bfd06037c611ce19dfeed505c2c08064589d1c7b40cb"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/Z6NETYLQVYCWKGKCPUEIEQZ2HM/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/Z6NETYLQVYCWKGKCPUEIEQZ2HM/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/Z6NETYLQVYCWKGKCPUEIEQZ2HM/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-08T16:44:13Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/Z6NETYLQVYCWKGKCPUEIEQZ2HM","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/Z6NETYLQVYCWKGKCPUEIEQZ2HM/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/Z6NETYLQVYCWKGKCPUEIEQZ2HM/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/Z6NETYLQVYCWKGKCPUEIEQZ2HM/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:Z6NETYLQVYCWKGKCPUEIEQZ2HM","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"02751b3ede457026ab4b3d14cfdb9f11d43afa65d82c690779b0a6a9074021f1","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2022-10-11T17:06:38Z","title_canon_sha256":"90296d882791b95332a50216fc85001ce50da8fe6e41ac8e82582bf521177b0f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2210.05619","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2210.05619","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:00:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2210.05619v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:00:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2210.05619","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:00:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"Z6NETYLQVYCW","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:00:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"Z6NETYLQVYCWKGKC","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:00:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"Z6NETYLQ","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:00:32Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:25c22aa513e17a6cdec5bfd06037c611ce19dfeed505c2c08064589d1c7b40cb","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:00:32Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2210.05619/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"While multilingual language models can improve NLP performance on low-resource languages by leveraging higher-resource languages, they also reduce average performance on all languages (the 'curse of multilinguality'). Here we show another problem with multilingual models: grammatical structures in higher-resource languages bleed into lower-resource languages, a phenomenon we call grammatical structure bias. We show this bias via a novel method for comparing the fluency of multilingual models to the fluency of monolingual Spanish and Greek models: testing their preference for two carefully-chos","authors_text":"Dan Jurafsky, Isabel Papadimitriou, Kezia Lopez","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2022-10-11T17:06:38Z","title":"Multilingual BERT has an accent: Evaluating English influences on fluency in multilingual models"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2210.05619","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:a2aa42fc23a5513202bafd9e2132cf3a038edb39d7cff8bcb4d8d9c4fee8b4c7","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:00:32Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"02751b3ede457026ab4b3d14cfdb9f11d43afa65d82c690779b0a6a9074021f1","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2022-10-11T17:06:38Z","title_canon_sha256":"90296d882791b95332a50216fc85001ce50da8fe6e41ac8e82582bf521177b0f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2210.05619","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"cf9a49e170ae056519427d0882433a3b0b2592daf1f0767835da9635163b9a17","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"cf9a49e170ae056519427d0882433a3b0b2592daf1f0767835da9635163b9a17","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T06:00:32.944250Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T06:00:32.944250Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"MYQL4w8CcgKPvMyrGiNMwpGTdRW6tUTj30qo7z+qgj4RfE94lZLHBNaQpbXcANT2Qzwhfx+8j+tB+8Szc1wCCg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T06:00:32.944798Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2210.05619","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:a2aa42fc23a5513202bafd9e2132cf3a038edb39d7cff8bcb4d8d9c4fee8b4c7","sha256:25c22aa513e17a6cdec5bfd06037c611ce19dfeed505c2c08064589d1c7b40cb"],"state_sha256":"b823bc33b79148d5116b4d109dc430debb47b9548b4a2e2d014c53b1d02677a5"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"DOZ04E55AD5pg4e5OWDtvZi8OTBAKEZZw/Uhph7esPkSdLT4ToVQ2NJNfAtItXg+qkMW6H9ttS1Icz+FpIvsBw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-08T16:44:13.113367Z","bundle_sha256":"655d7bf41f3d23166d6a94ad75ebc95a87eabf9fb4333d8dd06ab28644ebdd62"}}