{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:Z6SDCQ3D6YGKXUNPD3TU4JOEMI","short_pith_number":"pith:Z6SDCQ3D","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1403.0886","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2014-03-04T19:01:58Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"8fc5287e4575548a2f3351d499a6e3443cc5035dacdb9f54f563a23a3c0cc902","abstract_canon_sha256":"1873634cfd9dd18114fa463944f37be78ab1e2e89a8fe6185652b88c4dc30ccb"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"cfa4314363f60cabd1af1ee74e25c46229b9c0529db480bb5a2d5834a8f0bc3a","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1403.0886","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1403.0886","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:44:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1403.0886v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:44:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1403.0886","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:44:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"Z6SDCQ3D6YGK","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"Z6SDCQ3D6YGKXUNP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"Z6SDCQ3D","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:59Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:Z6SDCQ3D6YGKXUNPD3TU4JOEMI","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1403.0886","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2014-03-04T19:01:58Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"8fc5287e4575548a2f3351d499a6e3443cc5035dacdb9f54f563a23a3c0cc902","abstract_canon_sha256":"1873634cfd9dd18114fa463944f37be78ab1e2e89a8fe6185652b88c4dc30ccb"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"cfa4314363f60cabd1af1ee74e25c46229b9c0529db480bb5a2d5834a8f0bc3a","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:44:20.126165Z","signature_b64":"GagQmK6MaHi0MaHESzkzsAJDgHMjW+GVdTjOdAuFooJjvQ8RtISnrxYX21RA0awzhTLcPT12sV34n7rpW1RDDw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"cfa4314363f60cabd1af1ee74e25c46229b9c0529db480bb5a2d5834a8f0bc3a","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:44:20.125394Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:44:20.125394Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1403.0886","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:44:20Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"RlCcdYhol3xKb9NY+d5KLVrJFHIOwqxBdm57z2hOwLznrXFcqj8Mp/6xbRsF6VUMhqBh4RqZVRf9qFzL7XI0Cw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-09T10:30:56.767573Z"},"content_sha256":"8d74c2cbd1dd1b0ce5a04792ea226e560fc36c3598546e502a46f2340ac99b28","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:8d74c2cbd1dd1b0ce5a04792ea226e560fc36c3598546e502a46f2340ac99b28"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:Z6SDCQ3D6YGKXUNPD3TU4JOEMI","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Turbulent drag reduction through oscillating discs","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","authors_text":"Daniel J. Wise, Pierre Ricco","submitted_at":"2014-03-04T19:01:58Z","abstract_excerpt":"The changes of a turbulent channel flow subjected to oscillations of wall flush-mounted rigid discs are studied by means of direct numerical simulations. The Reynolds number is $R_\\tau$=$180$, based on the friction velocity of the stationary-wall case and the half channel height. The primary effect of the wall forcing is the sustained reduction of wall-shear stress, which reaches a maximum of 20%. A parametric study on the disc diameter, maximum tip velocity, and oscillation period is presented, with the aim to identify the optimal parameters which guarantee maximum drag reduction and maximum "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1403.0886","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:44:20Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"jnxoH/K55GjK6NHT2MEt/IDmMZAS2Jy22dHLU2C2zqU4dGI7m/2zD3F1kn5dkM92vc7BemVNnZwTDmy/xWSoCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-09T10:30:56.768275Z"},"content_sha256":"32728289856c1d804cf660bfd97911f89421b0a5a77a7821910f6c0c07dff8eb","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:32728289856c1d804cf660bfd97911f89421b0a5a77a7821910f6c0c07dff8eb"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/Z6SDCQ3D6YGKXUNPD3TU4JOEMI/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/Z6SDCQ3D6YGKXUNPD3TU4JOEMI/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/Z6SDCQ3D6YGKXUNPD3TU4JOEMI/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-09T10:30:56Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/Z6SDCQ3D6YGKXUNPD3TU4JOEMI","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/Z6SDCQ3D6YGKXUNPD3TU4JOEMI/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/Z6SDCQ3D6YGKXUNPD3TU4JOEMI/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/Z6SDCQ3D6YGKXUNPD3TU4JOEMI/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:Z6SDCQ3D6YGKXUNPD3TU4JOEMI","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"1873634cfd9dd18114fa463944f37be78ab1e2e89a8fe6185652b88c4dc30ccb","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2014-03-04T19:01:58Z","title_canon_sha256":"8fc5287e4575548a2f3351d499a6e3443cc5035dacdb9f54f563a23a3c0cc902"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1403.0886","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1403.0886","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:44:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1403.0886v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:44:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1403.0886","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:44:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"Z6SDCQ3D6YGK","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"Z6SDCQ3D6YGKXUNP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"Z6SDCQ3D","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:59Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:32728289856c1d804cf660bfd97911f89421b0a5a77a7821910f6c0c07dff8eb","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:44:20Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The changes of a turbulent channel flow subjected to oscillations of wall flush-mounted rigid discs are studied by means of direct numerical simulations. The Reynolds number is $R_\\tau$=$180$, based on the friction velocity of the stationary-wall case and the half channel height. The primary effect of the wall forcing is the sustained reduction of wall-shear stress, which reaches a maximum of 20%. A parametric study on the disc diameter, maximum tip velocity, and oscillation period is presented, with the aim to identify the optimal parameters which guarantee maximum drag reduction and maximum ","authors_text":"Daniel J. Wise, Pierre Ricco","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2014-03-04T19:01:58Z","title":"Turbulent drag reduction through oscillating discs"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1403.0886","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:8d74c2cbd1dd1b0ce5a04792ea226e560fc36c3598546e502a46f2340ac99b28","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:44:20Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"1873634cfd9dd18114fa463944f37be78ab1e2e89a8fe6185652b88c4dc30ccb","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2014-03-04T19:01:58Z","title_canon_sha256":"8fc5287e4575548a2f3351d499a6e3443cc5035dacdb9f54f563a23a3c0cc902"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1403.0886","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"cfa4314363f60cabd1af1ee74e25c46229b9c0529db480bb5a2d5834a8f0bc3a","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"cfa4314363f60cabd1af1ee74e25c46229b9c0529db480bb5a2d5834a8f0bc3a","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:44:20.125394Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:44:20.125394Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"GagQmK6MaHi0MaHESzkzsAJDgHMjW+GVdTjOdAuFooJjvQ8RtISnrxYX21RA0awzhTLcPT12sV34n7rpW1RDDw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:44:20.126165Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1403.0886","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:8d74c2cbd1dd1b0ce5a04792ea226e560fc36c3598546e502a46f2340ac99b28","sha256:32728289856c1d804cf660bfd97911f89421b0a5a77a7821910f6c0c07dff8eb"],"state_sha256":"c5a133456476a78b1cb044a843a5a2bbd5e59763376970c861a21ea3db82331d"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"E83hu8qA2a92hNQhFJzA3lKlMzVb534NmXmzvkiUgSf24we2a3wzntlhbPfc2c5ZbO4FGSWTeIXRip4/ZyMkDQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-09T10:30:56.772104Z","bundle_sha256":"60ed79784d17848b6899e6ceb1aaf5e67c6fae1a5352a860aa9fcd9d9b6f4858"}}