{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:ZBLM464Z5VBBUK5F6QZASHL4BB","short_pith_number":"pith:ZBLM464Z","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2505.19529","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2025-05-26T05:29:47Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"ac01770d815084c0a99fe6590f5630510c3cf2c852265e00944a4336ffaaf64c","abstract_canon_sha256":"3a1da83f143b66f67095dcb31b1e5f6078dcff52259c165c8ed30281aa86b3b7"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"c856ce7b99ed421a2ba5f432091d7c08792c6a05bee2f89328ad8841cfe92cc2","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2505.19529","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2505.19529","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:11:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2505.19529v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:11:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2505.19529","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:11:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ZBLM464Z5VBB","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:11:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ZBLM464Z5VBBUK5F","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:11:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ZBLM464Z","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:11:46Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:ZBLM464Z5VBBUK5F6QZASHL4BB","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2505.19529","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2025-05-26T05:29:47Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"ac01770d815084c0a99fe6590f5630510c3cf2c852265e00944a4336ffaaf64c","abstract_canon_sha256":"3a1da83f143b66f67095dcb31b1e5f6078dcff52259c165c8ed30281aa86b3b7"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"c856ce7b99ed421a2ba5f432091d7c08792c6a05bee2f89328ad8841cfe92cc2","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:11:46.682782Z","signature_b64":"082aU4Avm6yv/JIV9vXI5wfECnDeQ9mXTerUxIIt8Varz4OmYgi8aS+Mm5uqe4x6TI9Jde6kSsAnoE8P34EIDQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"c856ce7b99ed421a2ba5f432091d7c08792c6a05bee2f89328ad8841cfe92cc2","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:11:46.680786Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:11:46.680786Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2505.19529","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:11:46Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"e29jDGQZspeW2KxiCM8G0+Xbg+MvnkwPKIRLckoFJy9EM2OqfV102NWtrmrOa/seangMXu7I20kZEg5U8ToWBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T19:03:37.796098Z"},"content_sha256":"7243db7ff5574f1f4ab353fdcdd1c7cbf7320dd496e3f3ae7935e4368c2554f7","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:7243db7ff5574f1f4ab353fdcdd1c7cbf7320dd496e3f3ae7935e4368c2554f7"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:ZBLM464Z5VBBUK5F6QZASHL4BB","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Small Language Models: Architectures, Techniques, Evaluation, Problems and Future Adaptation","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Md. Kishor Morol, Md. Tanzib Hosain, Tanjil Hasan Sakib","submitted_at":"2025-05-26T05:29:47Z","abstract_excerpt":"Small Language Models (SLMs) have gained substantial attention due to their ability to execute diverse language tasks successfully while using fewer computer resources. These models are particularly ideal for deployment in limited environments, such as mobile devices, on-device processing, and edge systems. In this study, we present a complete assessment of SLMs, focussing on their design frameworks, training approaches, and techniques for lowering model size and complexity. We offer a novel classification system to organize the optimization approaches applied for SLMs, encompassing strategies"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2505.19529","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2505.19529/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:11:46Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"W8ksteCJ1VwuVFht7lftPoDLlSA55chIAY+Ve7239Bkf+XOy+ia/RJpb+0Jzn2M7sllIbqacAppgTBR55jtaDQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T19:03:37.797016Z"},"content_sha256":"e7afeced1469ea883b90a5a95b3391bf334e42b6549146d112884975d6c8e37a","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:e7afeced1469ea883b90a5a95b3391bf334e42b6549146d112884975d6c8e37a"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ZBLM464Z5VBBUK5F6QZASHL4BB/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ZBLM464Z5VBBUK5F6QZASHL4BB/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ZBLM464Z5VBBUK5F6QZASHL4BB/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-08T19:03:37Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/ZBLM464Z5VBBUK5F6QZASHL4BB","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/ZBLM464Z5VBBUK5F6QZASHL4BB/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/ZBLM464Z5VBBUK5F6QZASHL4BB/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ZBLM464Z5VBBUK5F6QZASHL4BB/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:ZBLM464Z5VBBUK5F6QZASHL4BB","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"3a1da83f143b66f67095dcb31b1e5f6078dcff52259c165c8ed30281aa86b3b7","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2025-05-26T05:29:47Z","title_canon_sha256":"ac01770d815084c0a99fe6590f5630510c3cf2c852265e00944a4336ffaaf64c"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2505.19529","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2505.19529","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:11:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2505.19529v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:11:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2505.19529","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:11:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ZBLM464Z5VBB","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:11:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ZBLM464Z5VBBUK5F","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:11:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ZBLM464Z","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:11:46Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:e7afeced1469ea883b90a5a95b3391bf334e42b6549146d112884975d6c8e37a","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:11:46Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2505.19529/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Small Language Models (SLMs) have gained substantial attention due to their ability to execute diverse language tasks successfully while using fewer computer resources. These models are particularly ideal for deployment in limited environments, such as mobile devices, on-device processing, and edge systems. In this study, we present a complete assessment of SLMs, focussing on their design frameworks, training approaches, and techniques for lowering model size and complexity. We offer a novel classification system to organize the optimization approaches applied for SLMs, encompassing strategies","authors_text":"Md. Kishor Morol, Md. Tanzib Hosain, Tanjil Hasan Sakib","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2025-05-26T05:29:47Z","title":"Small Language Models: Architectures, Techniques, Evaluation, Problems and Future Adaptation"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2505.19529","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:7243db7ff5574f1f4ab353fdcdd1c7cbf7320dd496e3f3ae7935e4368c2554f7","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:11:46Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"3a1da83f143b66f67095dcb31b1e5f6078dcff52259c165c8ed30281aa86b3b7","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2025-05-26T05:29:47Z","title_canon_sha256":"ac01770d815084c0a99fe6590f5630510c3cf2c852265e00944a4336ffaaf64c"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2505.19529","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"c856ce7b99ed421a2ba5f432091d7c08792c6a05bee2f89328ad8841cfe92cc2","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"c856ce7b99ed421a2ba5f432091d7c08792c6a05bee2f89328ad8841cfe92cc2","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:11:46.680786Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:11:46.680786Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"082aU4Avm6yv/JIV9vXI5wfECnDeQ9mXTerUxIIt8Varz4OmYgi8aS+Mm5uqe4x6TI9Jde6kSsAnoE8P34EIDQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:11:46.682782Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2505.19529","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:7243db7ff5574f1f4ab353fdcdd1c7cbf7320dd496e3f3ae7935e4368c2554f7","sha256:e7afeced1469ea883b90a5a95b3391bf334e42b6549146d112884975d6c8e37a"],"state_sha256":"7dd0710c1ae2020c8afeddfa44ebc8b29f37c182f6c95c011ad02e0b139da66b"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"AumIuodBpS5lEBwgUvUvaFQh1tsMa/0egACFm2hAuyW/9zf2Uynef4OUOwfjinziAOBqVoIIF5wLJ0hWmJE4BQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T19:03:37.802777Z","bundle_sha256":"21c6598634e969119fd151ba95d7f38afdbf363729822a3ef2d9231f6a488110"}}