{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:ZCBXRPZQGERIEFYC5VKECX3IOT","short_pith_number":"pith:ZCBXRPZQ","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2307.03758","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2023-07-07T02:14:46Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.NI"],"title_canon_sha256":"644016d723461835018ec8382692f8e150265b31f1874cf75c57c410eb357aac","abstract_canon_sha256":"729209d89a2dd399435b0f56ddcd5a3c48f7ebec45c8bdca371a880b526ab423"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"c88378bf303122821702ed54415f6874dcc929c08278d6be612ff001be830054","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2307.03758","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2307.03758","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:06:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2307.03758v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:06:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2307.03758","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:06:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ZCBXRPZQGERI","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:06:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ZCBXRPZQGERIEFYC","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:06:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ZCBXRPZQ","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:06:54Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:ZCBXRPZQGERIEFYC5VKECX3IOT","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2307.03758","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2023-07-07T02:14:46Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.NI"],"title_canon_sha256":"644016d723461835018ec8382692f8e150265b31f1874cf75c57c410eb357aac","abstract_canon_sha256":"729209d89a2dd399435b0f56ddcd5a3c48f7ebec45c8bdca371a880b526ab423"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"c88378bf303122821702ed54415f6874dcc929c08278d6be612ff001be830054","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T09:06:54.279366Z","signature_b64":"2bATIG5LRF1BTZeZ5V0EHVw3/QVTzeAqA0T88JskljyY0g3+wxCROYCjtW+SSHi08+ShAZODDfFt4M75SexEDg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"c88378bf303122821702ed54415f6874dcc929c08278d6be612ff001be830054","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T09:06:54.278921Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T09:06:54.278921Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2307.03758","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T09:06:54Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Ubm2hxwZtqWZlj+4USwSo0dH9Q0pElYj4VWtivKi90pFaWcnXib9L9mbX+ToDpVHjz72MsaCwevkyFGvAJ1rDA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-16T00:58:35.728525Z"},"content_sha256":"01fe5a03c180f62c0e4b96c064a29e11cc791db5c19b20c112c06aef759d0f86","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:01fe5a03c180f62c0e4b96c064a29e11cc791db5c19b20c112c06aef759d0f86"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:ZCBXRPZQGERIEFYC5VKECX3IOT","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Federated Learning over a Wireless Network: Distributed User Selection through Random Access","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.NI"],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Ce Zheng, Chen Sun, Lingjuan Lyu, Shiyao Ma, Songtao Wu, Tao Cui","submitted_at":"2023-07-07T02:14:46Z","abstract_excerpt":"User selection has become crucial for decreasing the communication costs of federated learning (FL) over wireless networks. However, centralized user selection causes additional system complexity. This study proposes a network intrinsic approach of distributed user selection that leverages the radio resource competition mechanism in random access. Taking the carrier sensing multiple access (CSMA) mechanism as an example of random access, we manipulate the contention window (CW) size to prioritize certain users for obtaining radio resources in each round of training. Training data bias is used "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2307.03758","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2307.03758/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T09:06:54Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"KRMBY0ywClW/msJZT00wmuzrho1RU6KcDKRjz9KYreHURnroodXXC1g/Cn0KMcBfej+NlBd1OQCOT6vVOqajAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-16T00:58:35.729503Z"},"content_sha256":"6e61d431cfce8fa519e3a488fac3e31b67b1dbeb6e61e09d58eaa976b5254b1b","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:6e61d431cfce8fa519e3a488fac3e31b67b1dbeb6e61e09d58eaa976b5254b1b"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ZCBXRPZQGERIEFYC5VKECX3IOT/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ZCBXRPZQGERIEFYC5VKECX3IOT/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ZCBXRPZQGERIEFYC5VKECX3IOT/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-16T00:58:35Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/ZCBXRPZQGERIEFYC5VKECX3IOT","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/ZCBXRPZQGERIEFYC5VKECX3IOT/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/ZCBXRPZQGERIEFYC5VKECX3IOT/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ZCBXRPZQGERIEFYC5VKECX3IOT/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:ZCBXRPZQGERIEFYC5VKECX3IOT","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"729209d89a2dd399435b0f56ddcd5a3c48f7ebec45c8bdca371a880b526ab423","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.NI"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2023-07-07T02:14:46Z","title_canon_sha256":"644016d723461835018ec8382692f8e150265b31f1874cf75c57c410eb357aac"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2307.03758","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2307.03758","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:06:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2307.03758v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:06:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2307.03758","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:06:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ZCBXRPZQGERI","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:06:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ZCBXRPZQGERIEFYC","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:06:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ZCBXRPZQ","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:06:54Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:6e61d431cfce8fa519e3a488fac3e31b67b1dbeb6e61e09d58eaa976b5254b1b","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:06:54Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2307.03758/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"User selection has become crucial for decreasing the communication costs of federated learning (FL) over wireless networks. However, centralized user selection causes additional system complexity. This study proposes a network intrinsic approach of distributed user selection that leverages the radio resource competition mechanism in random access. Taking the carrier sensing multiple access (CSMA) mechanism as an example of random access, we manipulate the contention window (CW) size to prioritize certain users for obtaining radio resources in each round of training. Training data bias is used ","authors_text":"Ce Zheng, Chen Sun, Lingjuan Lyu, Shiyao Ma, Songtao Wu, Tao Cui","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.NI"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2023-07-07T02:14:46Z","title":"Federated Learning over a Wireless Network: Distributed User Selection through Random Access"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2307.03758","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:01fe5a03c180f62c0e4b96c064a29e11cc791db5c19b20c112c06aef759d0f86","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:06:54Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"729209d89a2dd399435b0f56ddcd5a3c48f7ebec45c8bdca371a880b526ab423","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.NI"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2023-07-07T02:14:46Z","title_canon_sha256":"644016d723461835018ec8382692f8e150265b31f1874cf75c57c410eb357aac"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2307.03758","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"c88378bf303122821702ed54415f6874dcc929c08278d6be612ff001be830054","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"c88378bf303122821702ed54415f6874dcc929c08278d6be612ff001be830054","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T09:06:54.278921Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T09:06:54.278921Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"2bATIG5LRF1BTZeZ5V0EHVw3/QVTzeAqA0T88JskljyY0g3+wxCROYCjtW+SSHi08+ShAZODDfFt4M75SexEDg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T09:06:54.279366Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2307.03758","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:01fe5a03c180f62c0e4b96c064a29e11cc791db5c19b20c112c06aef759d0f86","sha256:6e61d431cfce8fa519e3a488fac3e31b67b1dbeb6e61e09d58eaa976b5254b1b"],"state_sha256":"8814d6933927d7b3210d82a8a1335901ff8b09f428acbcee46ccb5923e38a095"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"9QJVZCgHjX5/ole9dDI/lVPvuL+OeuwtZRgDGRu1MC5arql7yOTerVEOnoibozmjoKzgzYIQ21x6MT/KaRKyDQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-16T00:58:35.736604Z","bundle_sha256":"7aff4fbfc61711d08437dcb191815b2e744de4f92873efbefc8d44d7bd886d03"}}