{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:ZCEK7CZC2SCVWEXSK76HSSETOA","short_pith_number":"pith:ZCEK7CZC","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1201.2698","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.data-an","submitted_at":"2012-01-12T22:20:15Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.SI","physics.soc-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"9bcbed83d63e6fdf801ad477583f3413db5852e040658d675d4170d2e5a77507","abstract_canon_sha256":"be1a82a040ef95f6f9b38975a9030ab8b79b85e1949bfd0e643831b6ddb51e7c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"c888af8b22d4855b12f257fc79489370027ca1cd2233519c37dcb1fb251ffcb4","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1201.2698","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1201.2698","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:49:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1201.2698v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:49:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1201.2698","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:49:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ZCEK7CZC2SCV","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ZCEK7CZC2SCVWEXS","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ZCEK7CZC","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:30Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:ZCEK7CZC2SCVWEXSK76HSSETOA","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1201.2698","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.data-an","submitted_at":"2012-01-12T22:20:15Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.SI","physics.soc-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"9bcbed83d63e6fdf801ad477583f3413db5852e040658d675d4170d2e5a77507","abstract_canon_sha256":"be1a82a040ef95f6f9b38975a9030ab8b79b85e1949bfd0e643831b6ddb51e7c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"c888af8b22d4855b12f257fc79489370027ca1cd2233519c37dcb1fb251ffcb4","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:49:32.719874Z","signature_b64":"OF+HZ1tWtI0Mvkd8PvR4ABaGwR1ck2GFBMHI2k/iwbm3zeVf8FbISHPFFPrFYLos1We7QyJs1xtCmCouh1owBQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"c888af8b22d4855b12f257fc79489370027ca1cd2233519c37dcb1fb251ffcb4","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:49:32.718897Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:49:32.718897Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1201.2698","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:49:32Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"rhenaN3iKQl7nZuIUIM78lgonsxPSnSf4WJ0mhxUXTKnH11DD+65pb9NL/2BaaO2Auc6LkPRO3esfeL0rReIAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T15:36:50.481740Z"},"content_sha256":"8fb6f6d84591951b4c0d9f2c7585e06686d96f18302fd7bf850ec04b3e207760","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:8fb6f6d84591951b4c0d9f2c7585e06686d96f18302fd7bf850ec04b3e207760"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:ZCEK7CZC2SCVWEXSK76HSSETOA","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Optimal Allocation of Interconnecting Links in Cyber-Physical Systems: Interdependence, Cascading Failures and Robustness","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.SI","physics.soc-ph"],"primary_cat":"physics.data-an","authors_text":"Dajun Qian, Douglas Cochran, Junshan Zhang, Osman Yagan","submitted_at":"2012-01-12T22:20:15Z","abstract_excerpt":"We consider a cyber-physical system consisting of two interacting networks, i.e., a cyber-network overlaying a physical-network. It is envisioned that these systems are more vulnerable to attacks since node failures in one network may result in (due to the interdependence) failures in the other network, causing a cascade of failures that would potentially lead to the collapse of the entire infrastructure. The robustness of interdependent systems against this sort of catastrophic failure hinges heavily on the allocation of the (interconnecting) links that connect nodes in one network to nodes i"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1201.2698","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:49:32Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"/dcaZl1S29HEkrH9B69zW0XgvBaZZwqpVR+xAke6SwPO9u3VOLWagfi/I1GRppG7wLxDFNGotDlpzrCc+VjbDQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T15:36:50.482089Z"},"content_sha256":"475b0fe2fcc5cde1082703d13238332ad7afca43f071bc773d795731f769388a","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:475b0fe2fcc5cde1082703d13238332ad7afca43f071bc773d795731f769388a"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ZCEK7CZC2SCVWEXSK76HSSETOA/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ZCEK7CZC2SCVWEXSK76HSSETOA/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ZCEK7CZC2SCVWEXSK76HSSETOA/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-02T15:36:50Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/ZCEK7CZC2SCVWEXSK76HSSETOA","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/ZCEK7CZC2SCVWEXSK76HSSETOA/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/ZCEK7CZC2SCVWEXSK76HSSETOA/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ZCEK7CZC2SCVWEXSK76HSSETOA/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:ZCEK7CZC2SCVWEXSK76HSSETOA","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"be1a82a040ef95f6f9b38975a9030ab8b79b85e1949bfd0e643831b6ddb51e7c","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.SI","physics.soc-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.data-an","submitted_at":"2012-01-12T22:20:15Z","title_canon_sha256":"9bcbed83d63e6fdf801ad477583f3413db5852e040658d675d4170d2e5a77507"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1201.2698","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1201.2698","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:49:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1201.2698v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:49:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1201.2698","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:49:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ZCEK7CZC2SCV","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ZCEK7CZC2SCVWEXS","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ZCEK7CZC","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:30Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:475b0fe2fcc5cde1082703d13238332ad7afca43f071bc773d795731f769388a","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:49:32Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We consider a cyber-physical system consisting of two interacting networks, i.e., a cyber-network overlaying a physical-network. It is envisioned that these systems are more vulnerable to attacks since node failures in one network may result in (due to the interdependence) failures in the other network, causing a cascade of failures that would potentially lead to the collapse of the entire infrastructure. The robustness of interdependent systems against this sort of catastrophic failure hinges heavily on the allocation of the (interconnecting) links that connect nodes in one network to nodes i","authors_text":"Dajun Qian, Douglas Cochran, Junshan Zhang, Osman Yagan","cross_cats":["cs.SI","physics.soc-ph"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.data-an","submitted_at":"2012-01-12T22:20:15Z","title":"Optimal Allocation of Interconnecting Links in Cyber-Physical Systems: Interdependence, Cascading Failures and Robustness"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1201.2698","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:8fb6f6d84591951b4c0d9f2c7585e06686d96f18302fd7bf850ec04b3e207760","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:49:32Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"be1a82a040ef95f6f9b38975a9030ab8b79b85e1949bfd0e643831b6ddb51e7c","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.SI","physics.soc-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.data-an","submitted_at":"2012-01-12T22:20:15Z","title_canon_sha256":"9bcbed83d63e6fdf801ad477583f3413db5852e040658d675d4170d2e5a77507"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1201.2698","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"c888af8b22d4855b12f257fc79489370027ca1cd2233519c37dcb1fb251ffcb4","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"c888af8b22d4855b12f257fc79489370027ca1cd2233519c37dcb1fb251ffcb4","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:49:32.718897Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:49:32.718897Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"OF+HZ1tWtI0Mvkd8PvR4ABaGwR1ck2GFBMHI2k/iwbm3zeVf8FbISHPFFPrFYLos1We7QyJs1xtCmCouh1owBQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:49:32.719874Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1201.2698","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:8fb6f6d84591951b4c0d9f2c7585e06686d96f18302fd7bf850ec04b3e207760","sha256:475b0fe2fcc5cde1082703d13238332ad7afca43f071bc773d795731f769388a"],"state_sha256":"b8f0532e7f8693609c24db61f1c28d25dd836d63f55f6c89697dfea8c082e784"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"aD6DgjsnE8Hbhk98MYJ1bnPpdI+3pOQUkqbQZtFquwQACRba51e/7ORIUCilyW+YO6xTD/MCL360DyKdCpi7CQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T15:36:50.484005Z","bundle_sha256":"95d6ff4e61104c312d8ad7c8572f72dddad8f2fc6e61cca331907641ae44a170"}}