{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:ZCYIW4IZ27MW4TS64EUDBXWNAG","short_pith_number":"pith:ZCYIW4IZ","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1711.07545","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DS","submitted_at":"2017-11-20T21:10:15Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"2707150a7ddd4781400a66778a33ce625de8a1df8a885c7dcb356c1dcbd7db66","abstract_canon_sha256":"82e934be21660a14ec4e2e055a2d579258a87767a267f2a2bb6711fa94d2a84a"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"c8b08b7119d7d96e4e5ee12830decd0196fc52a55f1f305a294890add9881d11","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1711.07545","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1711.07545","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:29:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1711.07545v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:29:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1711.07545","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:29:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ZCYIW4IZ27MW","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ZCYIW4IZ27MW4TS6","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ZCYIW4IZ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:59Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:ZCYIW4IZ27MW4TS64EUDBXWNAG","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1711.07545","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DS","submitted_at":"2017-11-20T21:10:15Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"2707150a7ddd4781400a66778a33ce625de8a1df8a885c7dcb356c1dcbd7db66","abstract_canon_sha256":"82e934be21660a14ec4e2e055a2d579258a87767a267f2a2bb6711fa94d2a84a"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"c8b08b7119d7d96e4e5ee12830decd0196fc52a55f1f305a294890add9881d11","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:29:58.738576Z","signature_b64":"3daZJzkZKCVXHxCuOwNDLxjKRmSVY/AM0FTN/SokTbVjc79yq92Y5nErikv9aH9UAxT/TTNtpMq97BN4OZX0BA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"c8b08b7119d7d96e4e5ee12830decd0196fc52a55f1f305a294890add9881d11","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:29:58.737952Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:29:58.737952Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1711.07545","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:29:58Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"SPQEMMy+v9OYRkbQ1yCFqW84ZrLQW1HRmC3SbFOqEzeTi3LF6PuBXHwkjKnzP6MyzfWIwnb/+y2qw4FNHZmGCg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-03T00:08:12.459005Z"},"content_sha256":"1dbe1dfb592adeb66597f70367e315ccb0d6f7d00eba56ce23f824893ab4fcd6","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:1dbe1dfb592adeb66597f70367e315ccb0d6f7d00eba56ce23f824893ab4fcd6"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:ZCYIW4IZ27MW4TS64EUDBXWNAG","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"On estimating the alphabet size of a discrete random source","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.DS","authors_text":"Philip Ginzboorg","submitted_at":"2017-11-20T21:10:15Z","abstract_excerpt":"We are concerned with estimating alphabet size $N$ from a stream of symbols taken uniformly at random from that alphabet. We define and analyze a memory-restricted variant of an algorithm that have been earlier proposed for this purpose. The alphabet size $N$ can be estimated in $O(\\sqrt{N})$ time and space by the memory-restricted variant of this algorithm."},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1711.07545","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:29:58Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"MX6Wqx5LnqOKEaFeZoF49SCRVcJpJXA803EIdPrjrkVbdjVZIN7LT7evNvwWknzw2QaAIA9/ZCQUSSx7JR5VDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-03T00:08:12.459374Z"},"content_sha256":"27c7f2c337244fa209b23d70f275c3b188478731907a81c1248601f9b7c239d6","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:27c7f2c337244fa209b23d70f275c3b188478731907a81c1248601f9b7c239d6"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ZCYIW4IZ27MW4TS64EUDBXWNAG/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ZCYIW4IZ27MW4TS64EUDBXWNAG/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ZCYIW4IZ27MW4TS64EUDBXWNAG/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-03T00:08:12Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/ZCYIW4IZ27MW4TS64EUDBXWNAG","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/ZCYIW4IZ27MW4TS64EUDBXWNAG/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/ZCYIW4IZ27MW4TS64EUDBXWNAG/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ZCYIW4IZ27MW4TS64EUDBXWNAG/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:ZCYIW4IZ27MW4TS64EUDBXWNAG","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"82e934be21660a14ec4e2e055a2d579258a87767a267f2a2bb6711fa94d2a84a","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DS","submitted_at":"2017-11-20T21:10:15Z","title_canon_sha256":"2707150a7ddd4781400a66778a33ce625de8a1df8a885c7dcb356c1dcbd7db66"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1711.07545","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1711.07545","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:29:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1711.07545v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:29:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1711.07545","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:29:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ZCYIW4IZ27MW","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ZCYIW4IZ27MW4TS6","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ZCYIW4IZ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:59Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:27c7f2c337244fa209b23d70f275c3b188478731907a81c1248601f9b7c239d6","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:29:58Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We are concerned with estimating alphabet size $N$ from a stream of symbols taken uniformly at random from that alphabet. We define and analyze a memory-restricted variant of an algorithm that have been earlier proposed for this purpose. The alphabet size $N$ can be estimated in $O(\\sqrt{N})$ time and space by the memory-restricted variant of this algorithm.","authors_text":"Philip Ginzboorg","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DS","submitted_at":"2017-11-20T21:10:15Z","title":"On estimating the alphabet size of a discrete random source"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1711.07545","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:1dbe1dfb592adeb66597f70367e315ccb0d6f7d00eba56ce23f824893ab4fcd6","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:29:58Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"82e934be21660a14ec4e2e055a2d579258a87767a267f2a2bb6711fa94d2a84a","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DS","submitted_at":"2017-11-20T21:10:15Z","title_canon_sha256":"2707150a7ddd4781400a66778a33ce625de8a1df8a885c7dcb356c1dcbd7db66"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1711.07545","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"c8b08b7119d7d96e4e5ee12830decd0196fc52a55f1f305a294890add9881d11","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"c8b08b7119d7d96e4e5ee12830decd0196fc52a55f1f305a294890add9881d11","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:29:58.737952Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:29:58.737952Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"3daZJzkZKCVXHxCuOwNDLxjKRmSVY/AM0FTN/SokTbVjc79yq92Y5nErikv9aH9UAxT/TTNtpMq97BN4OZX0BA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:29:58.738576Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1711.07545","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:1dbe1dfb592adeb66597f70367e315ccb0d6f7d00eba56ce23f824893ab4fcd6","sha256:27c7f2c337244fa209b23d70f275c3b188478731907a81c1248601f9b7c239d6"],"state_sha256":"5b47c48606a81fc0b026a68f5ed30af42bddd87080186739c2774f0f1aef094a"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"pr9ZtmPLZKAviAhlmyWdk7PdHjfCQ2H+H6itt4Y2xddZp4/vgQjRq03bR3RYecuOWpdgrj7Y6E1fKQNz3xJZCQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-03T00:08:12.461821Z","bundle_sha256":"74496f6d22ef372829fa2da31457e012d37d2fa4100c04e11446825aa3562992"}}