{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:ZDQBXWEGQDYQY6437GCLY3WWOA","short_pith_number":"pith:ZDQBXWEG","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2311.08721","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2023-11-15T06:19:02Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"155912cbbb8b323f2c64b413492f96da34f081d28db747c4bfa6a9abd252c547","abstract_canon_sha256":"691b35f0a8db516d441a41a87b5ab838bff9558632d767b5fa9be618cc758043"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"c8e01bd88680f10c7b9bf984bc6ed6702dfdace4a0a6cb268e5012843b29e4d9","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2311.08721","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2311.08721","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:02:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2311.08721v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:02:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2311.08721","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:02:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ZDQBXWEGQDYQ","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:02:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ZDQBXWEGQDYQY643","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:02:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ZDQBXWEG","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:02:47Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:ZDQBXWEGQDYQY6437GCLY3WWOA","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2311.08721","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2023-11-15T06:19:02Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"155912cbbb8b323f2c64b413492f96da34f081d28db747c4bfa6a9abd252c547","abstract_canon_sha256":"691b35f0a8db516d441a41a87b5ab838bff9558632d767b5fa9be618cc758043"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"c8e01bd88680f10c7b9bf984bc6ed6702dfdace4a0a6cb268e5012843b29e4d9","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T08:02:47.917831Z","signature_b64":"3EsLSA5rpbwA27AGHfir8GhV5nvXiG18lE88tVsLeSZmrx4qk0qs14OPPfuoBkWxMCOXCHS0REAlwNrdvl5tCA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"c8e01bd88680f10c7b9bf984bc6ed6702dfdace4a0a6cb268e5012843b29e4d9","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T08:02:47.917343Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T08:02:47.917343Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2311.08721","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T08:02:47Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"HE5/DLSTcwT8NppVsU89vzKwupt684aRL6ilO+ArhdjwPo3xOYgJbUVe4If7V3qanheke55O70JiXBxpVkJ2Bw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-09T03:25:14.570980Z"},"content_sha256":"105395de41506e54c27ae8a9bf7ea4a64770186485296720a7ccf694c5ca9219","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:105395de41506e54c27ae8a9bf7ea4a64770186485296720a7ccf694c5ca9219"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:ZDQBXWEGQDYQY6437GCLY3WWOA","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"A Robust Semantics-based Watermark for Large Language Model against Paraphrasing","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CR","authors_text":"Dawei Yin, Han Xu, Jie Ren, Jiliang Tang, Shuaiqiang Wang, Yiding Liu, Yingqian Cui","submitted_at":"2023-11-15T06:19:02Z","abstract_excerpt":"Large language models (LLMs) have show great ability in various natural language tasks. However, there are concerns that LLMs are possible to be used improperly or even illegally. To prevent the malicious usage of LLMs, detecting LLM-generated text becomes crucial in the deployment of LLM applications. Watermarking is an effective strategy to detect the LLM-generated content by encoding a pre-defined secret watermark to facilitate the detection process. However, the majority of existing watermark methods leverage the simple hashes of precedent tokens to partition vocabulary. Such watermark can"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2311.08721","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2311.08721/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T08:02:47Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"uQTBxU6fQFpmghruapi6iV/l+R99DK4XJ3pG6zFg2deJEzgnz8N69AH9rweu+UYlQ5xSr7jeoLwh06Ek5wlqDQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-09T03:25:14.572010Z"},"content_sha256":"5cee3fd0ff194a2b42b147566ce26e8aea176fc5c1c2dded57c2e05365f5b83c","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:5cee3fd0ff194a2b42b147566ce26e8aea176fc5c1c2dded57c2e05365f5b83c"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ZDQBXWEGQDYQY6437GCLY3WWOA/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ZDQBXWEGQDYQY6437GCLY3WWOA/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ZDQBXWEGQDYQY6437GCLY3WWOA/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-09T03:25:14Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/ZDQBXWEGQDYQY6437GCLY3WWOA","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/ZDQBXWEGQDYQY6437GCLY3WWOA/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/ZDQBXWEGQDYQY6437GCLY3WWOA/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ZDQBXWEGQDYQY6437GCLY3WWOA/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:ZDQBXWEGQDYQY6437GCLY3WWOA","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"691b35f0a8db516d441a41a87b5ab838bff9558632d767b5fa9be618cc758043","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2023-11-15T06:19:02Z","title_canon_sha256":"155912cbbb8b323f2c64b413492f96da34f081d28db747c4bfa6a9abd252c547"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2311.08721","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2311.08721","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:02:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2311.08721v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:02:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2311.08721","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:02:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ZDQBXWEGQDYQ","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:02:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ZDQBXWEGQDYQY643","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:02:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ZDQBXWEG","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:02:47Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:5cee3fd0ff194a2b42b147566ce26e8aea176fc5c1c2dded57c2e05365f5b83c","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:02:47Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2311.08721/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Large language models (LLMs) have show great ability in various natural language tasks. However, there are concerns that LLMs are possible to be used improperly or even illegally. To prevent the malicious usage of LLMs, detecting LLM-generated text becomes crucial in the deployment of LLM applications. Watermarking is an effective strategy to detect the LLM-generated content by encoding a pre-defined secret watermark to facilitate the detection process. However, the majority of existing watermark methods leverage the simple hashes of precedent tokens to partition vocabulary. Such watermark can","authors_text":"Dawei Yin, Han Xu, Jie Ren, Jiliang Tang, Shuaiqiang Wang, Yiding Liu, Yingqian Cui","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2023-11-15T06:19:02Z","title":"A Robust Semantics-based Watermark for Large Language Model against Paraphrasing"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2311.08721","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:105395de41506e54c27ae8a9bf7ea4a64770186485296720a7ccf694c5ca9219","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:02:47Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"691b35f0a8db516d441a41a87b5ab838bff9558632d767b5fa9be618cc758043","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2023-11-15T06:19:02Z","title_canon_sha256":"155912cbbb8b323f2c64b413492f96da34f081d28db747c4bfa6a9abd252c547"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2311.08721","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"c8e01bd88680f10c7b9bf984bc6ed6702dfdace4a0a6cb268e5012843b29e4d9","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"c8e01bd88680f10c7b9bf984bc6ed6702dfdace4a0a6cb268e5012843b29e4d9","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T08:02:47.917343Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T08:02:47.917343Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"3EsLSA5rpbwA27AGHfir8GhV5nvXiG18lE88tVsLeSZmrx4qk0qs14OPPfuoBkWxMCOXCHS0REAlwNrdvl5tCA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T08:02:47.917831Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2311.08721","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:105395de41506e54c27ae8a9bf7ea4a64770186485296720a7ccf694c5ca9219","sha256:5cee3fd0ff194a2b42b147566ce26e8aea176fc5c1c2dded57c2e05365f5b83c"],"state_sha256":"34802ca53f0bc239e4e91355be7c5647d9c99314939cf50f3fe170fd0310914e"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"LCLa5+N4u6SPlRadGQEsOtokjCj5pDx73jaw47FIE5QcQB9xJn415rf2UQ+PwvDaHvsKzS/4mYiqgTZQned8CA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-09T03:25:14.579189Z","bundle_sha256":"4d00a5b67cbd7f273441e95d69072dbbc7e3f7c83aab1c55f9156e19036f2664"}}