{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:ZDS6BTKRBUKTLWOSSBHN6YP3FU","short_pith_number":"pith:ZDS6BTKR","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1206.6668","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2012-06-28T12:59:24Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"3493e493ed3c4b103816614482cf310304db3304860fda3d3567413a0b68f8bd","abstract_canon_sha256":"ef6a92730b55257d5fb524a61097ca0dbcec2caafb757e9cc1985fa14fed5e77"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"c8e5e0cd510d1535d9d2904edf61fb2d232ec8f71f7eee21ef983f67b7e4f609","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1206.6668","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1206.6668","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:23:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1206.6668v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:23:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1206.6668","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:23:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ZDS6BTKRBUKT","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ZDS6BTKRBUKTLWOS","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ZDS6BTKR","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:30Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:ZDS6BTKRBUKTLWOSSBHN6YP3FU","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1206.6668","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2012-06-28T12:59:24Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"3493e493ed3c4b103816614482cf310304db3304860fda3d3567413a0b68f8bd","abstract_canon_sha256":"ef6a92730b55257d5fb524a61097ca0dbcec2caafb757e9cc1985fa14fed5e77"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"c8e5e0cd510d1535d9d2904edf61fb2d232ec8f71f7eee21ef983f67b7e4f609","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:23:03.926235Z","signature_b64":"PVLwxOmOuZZalOSd0LDk82GJtviAboaZmrm01uRoCaeCf0btTy4cXi7Icast3PepT4PbHPIHG2ZcwMYG48ByDQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"c8e5e0cd510d1535d9d2904edf61fb2d232ec8f71f7eee21ef983f67b7e4f609","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:23:03.925775Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:23:03.925775Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1206.6668","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:23:03Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"sVTNcWiJk6baVWUvV1y2vAVgXpY4gOiLunA5yY0L9pKGNGeGeJNA/A9U4BVet3cF6FmrJqdJQN21dO/vXg6aDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T12:43:42.968769Z"},"content_sha256":"5debb497dec1bcf13b2112e257e38cc3fe014c11dfd537583a958e49866a8690","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:5debb497dec1bcf13b2112e257e38cc3fe014c11dfd537583a958e49866a8690"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:ZDS6BTKRBUKTLWOSSBHN6YP3FU","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Security proof of the unbalanced phase-encoded BB84 protocol","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"quant-ph","authors_text":"Agnes Ferenczi, Norbert L\\\"utkenhaus, Varun Narasimhachar","submitted_at":"2012-06-28T12:59:24Z","abstract_excerpt":"In optical implementations of the phase-encoded BB84 protocol, the bit information is usually encoded in the phase of two consecutive photon pulses generated in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. In the actual experimental realization, the loss in the arms of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer is not balanced, for example because only one arm contains a lossy phase modulator. Therefore, the amplitudes of the pulses is not balanced, and the structure of the signals and measurements no longer corresponds to the (balanced) ideal BB84 protocol. Hence, the BB84 security analysis no longer applies in this "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1206.6668","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:23:03Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"k9tv1SBX5w3Q0f2essBjaBhE1OOyj5Hq95sQis9lA0dWlADT3ssnQLyAz+n8ZJb0f1nfwsvLCzryUhpY8OLVBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T12:43:42.969462Z"},"content_sha256":"a8d471550e8d5968661ac60d89dfa22830e6fe76f99c202ce13eb7fe489a40c6","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a8d471550e8d5968661ac60d89dfa22830e6fe76f99c202ce13eb7fe489a40c6"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ZDS6BTKRBUKTLWOSSBHN6YP3FU/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ZDS6BTKRBUKTLWOSSBHN6YP3FU/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ZDS6BTKRBUKTLWOSSBHN6YP3FU/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-26T12:43:42Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/ZDS6BTKRBUKTLWOSSBHN6YP3FU","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/ZDS6BTKRBUKTLWOSSBHN6YP3FU/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/ZDS6BTKRBUKTLWOSSBHN6YP3FU/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ZDS6BTKRBUKTLWOSSBHN6YP3FU/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:ZDS6BTKRBUKTLWOSSBHN6YP3FU","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"ef6a92730b55257d5fb524a61097ca0dbcec2caafb757e9cc1985fa14fed5e77","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2012-06-28T12:59:24Z","title_canon_sha256":"3493e493ed3c4b103816614482cf310304db3304860fda3d3567413a0b68f8bd"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1206.6668","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1206.6668","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:23:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1206.6668v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:23:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1206.6668","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:23:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ZDS6BTKRBUKT","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ZDS6BTKRBUKTLWOS","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ZDS6BTKR","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:30Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:a8d471550e8d5968661ac60d89dfa22830e6fe76f99c202ce13eb7fe489a40c6","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:23:03Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"In optical implementations of the phase-encoded BB84 protocol, the bit information is usually encoded in the phase of two consecutive photon pulses generated in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. In the actual experimental realization, the loss in the arms of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer is not balanced, for example because only one arm contains a lossy phase modulator. Therefore, the amplitudes of the pulses is not balanced, and the structure of the signals and measurements no longer corresponds to the (balanced) ideal BB84 protocol. Hence, the BB84 security analysis no longer applies in this ","authors_text":"Agnes Ferenczi, Norbert L\\\"utkenhaus, Varun Narasimhachar","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2012-06-28T12:59:24Z","title":"Security proof of the unbalanced phase-encoded BB84 protocol"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1206.6668","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:5debb497dec1bcf13b2112e257e38cc3fe014c11dfd537583a958e49866a8690","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:23:03Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"ef6a92730b55257d5fb524a61097ca0dbcec2caafb757e9cc1985fa14fed5e77","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2012-06-28T12:59:24Z","title_canon_sha256":"3493e493ed3c4b103816614482cf310304db3304860fda3d3567413a0b68f8bd"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1206.6668","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"c8e5e0cd510d1535d9d2904edf61fb2d232ec8f71f7eee21ef983f67b7e4f609","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"c8e5e0cd510d1535d9d2904edf61fb2d232ec8f71f7eee21ef983f67b7e4f609","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:23:03.925775Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:23:03.925775Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"PVLwxOmOuZZalOSd0LDk82GJtviAboaZmrm01uRoCaeCf0btTy4cXi7Icast3PepT4PbHPIHG2ZcwMYG48ByDQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:23:03.926235Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1206.6668","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:5debb497dec1bcf13b2112e257e38cc3fe014c11dfd537583a958e49866a8690","sha256:a8d471550e8d5968661ac60d89dfa22830e6fe76f99c202ce13eb7fe489a40c6"],"state_sha256":"e91f41d5ec46a1755cdbe27cc5367fc21fbe5c3a9ec3c07a64624691bb89b782"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"8R5txK/bfv3YxQX/H3nhoWBr2w1eXEXut69YbYO23x0JaNV5Sw0FQJDbC3xiccrnXCPtjGZe7hiatrB4HRlcCA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T12:43:42.973472Z","bundle_sha256":"e31e417c0914aaac416142b68b9ffe546c49ffc8e736e591bf69ef2494eeb189"}}