{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:ZDWOZXDM27RTHOXZZVDF7GFN4Q","short_pith_number":"pith:ZDWOZXDM","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2104.08993","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2021-04-19T01:04:53Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"af2f9c0b342af8c67dd40f807c00254666cdf2739a3100ae2c356667b0e31ed8","abstract_canon_sha256":"9c29598914324d41d5c9e402c56ff078d7b35cf11f74ae04cc170bbf6a800ad6"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"c8ececdc6cd7e333baf9cd465f98ade411163bdca5964c62f8bc74381e962607","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2104.08993","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2104.08993","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:32:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2104.08993v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:32:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2104.08993","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:32:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ZDWOZXDM27RT","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:32:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ZDWOZXDM27RTHOXZ","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:32:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ZDWOZXDM","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:32:57Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:ZDWOZXDM27RTHOXZZVDF7GFN4Q","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2104.08993","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2021-04-19T01:04:53Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"af2f9c0b342af8c67dd40f807c00254666cdf2739a3100ae2c356667b0e31ed8","abstract_canon_sha256":"9c29598914324d41d5c9e402c56ff078d7b35cf11f74ae04cc170bbf6a800ad6"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"c8ececdc6cd7e333baf9cd465f98ade411163bdca5964c62f8bc74381e962607","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:32:57.542802Z","signature_b64":"y5OIbgkbQlsm3jOLvHGnGirIAjIFfubYr2fYRa6Z+gcGzHPETrwFF8JYmCZWe64fJt25wwgFZRIknOBxiT/5BQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"c8ececdc6cd7e333baf9cd465f98ade411163bdca5964c62f8bc74381e962607","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:32:57.542340Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:32:57.542340Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2104.08993","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:32:57Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Q88pIlZ/U4MUpplq2lVUNwG3ObZ75plPOTern5AjlWEQ1rdiik0Q5op3O+DNDNN8jjqgQPIjAPH4GC58CtgSBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-08T23:56:08.515447Z"},"content_sha256":"590bb974c6ca05b45369b3aeddcb412d46852d47411bbefe6a94919fb81a7892","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:590bb974c6ca05b45369b3aeddcb412d46852d47411bbefe6a94919fb81a7892"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:ZDWOZXDM27RTHOXZZVDF7GFN4Q","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Carrot and Stick approaches revisited when managing Technical Debt in an educational context","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.SE","authors_text":"Arturo Gonzalez-Escribano, Mario Piattini, Yania Crespo","submitted_at":"2021-04-19T01:04:53Z","abstract_excerpt":"Technical Debt management is an important aspect in the training of Software Engineering students. In this paper we study the effect of two assessment strategies in an educational context: One based on penalisation, the other based on rewards. Both are applied to assignments where the students develop a project focusing on keeping a low technical debt level, and obtaining a high quality code. We describe the design, tools and context of the strategies applied. SonarQube, a tool commonly used in production environments, is used for measuring the metrics. The penalisation strategy is based on a "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2104.08993","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2104.08993/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:32:57Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"h+uZjjZWS2x0z7RaXH1LYFIOXUvHB4CTujEmJaWjbvgEHOsVPY1MGtGIfITPEI08FAZ9qEY3e9dxxTfkh0mGDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-08T23:56:08.515855Z"},"content_sha256":"acecb3dbaa05adc8ec271112b470c3d6d6178dfb2d1bcad467fb3e7ec4a3d05a","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:acecb3dbaa05adc8ec271112b470c3d6d6178dfb2d1bcad467fb3e7ec4a3d05a"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ZDWOZXDM27RTHOXZZVDF7GFN4Q/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ZDWOZXDM27RTHOXZZVDF7GFN4Q/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ZDWOZXDM27RTHOXZZVDF7GFN4Q/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-08T23:56:08Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/ZDWOZXDM27RTHOXZZVDF7GFN4Q","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/ZDWOZXDM27RTHOXZZVDF7GFN4Q/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/ZDWOZXDM27RTHOXZZVDF7GFN4Q/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ZDWOZXDM27RTHOXZZVDF7GFN4Q/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:ZDWOZXDM27RTHOXZZVDF7GFN4Q","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"9c29598914324d41d5c9e402c56ff078d7b35cf11f74ae04cc170bbf6a800ad6","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2021-04-19T01:04:53Z","title_canon_sha256":"af2f9c0b342af8c67dd40f807c00254666cdf2739a3100ae2c356667b0e31ed8"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2104.08993","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2104.08993","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:32:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2104.08993v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:32:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2104.08993","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:32:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ZDWOZXDM27RT","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:32:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ZDWOZXDM27RTHOXZ","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:32:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ZDWOZXDM","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:32:57Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:acecb3dbaa05adc8ec271112b470c3d6d6178dfb2d1bcad467fb3e7ec4a3d05a","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:32:57Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2104.08993/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Technical Debt management is an important aspect in the training of Software Engineering students. In this paper we study the effect of two assessment strategies in an educational context: One based on penalisation, the other based on rewards. Both are applied to assignments where the students develop a project focusing on keeping a low technical debt level, and obtaining a high quality code. We describe the design, tools and context of the strategies applied. SonarQube, a tool commonly used in production environments, is used for measuring the metrics. The penalisation strategy is based on a ","authors_text":"Arturo Gonzalez-Escribano, Mario Piattini, Yania Crespo","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2021-04-19T01:04:53Z","title":"Carrot and Stick approaches revisited when managing Technical Debt in an educational context"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2104.08993","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:590bb974c6ca05b45369b3aeddcb412d46852d47411bbefe6a94919fb81a7892","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:32:57Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"9c29598914324d41d5c9e402c56ff078d7b35cf11f74ae04cc170bbf6a800ad6","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2021-04-19T01:04:53Z","title_canon_sha256":"af2f9c0b342af8c67dd40f807c00254666cdf2739a3100ae2c356667b0e31ed8"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2104.08993","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"c8ececdc6cd7e333baf9cd465f98ade411163bdca5964c62f8bc74381e962607","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"c8ececdc6cd7e333baf9cd465f98ade411163bdca5964c62f8bc74381e962607","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:32:57.542340Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:32:57.542340Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"y5OIbgkbQlsm3jOLvHGnGirIAjIFfubYr2fYRa6Z+gcGzHPETrwFF8JYmCZWe64fJt25wwgFZRIknOBxiT/5BQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:32:57.542802Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2104.08993","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:590bb974c6ca05b45369b3aeddcb412d46852d47411bbefe6a94919fb81a7892","sha256:acecb3dbaa05adc8ec271112b470c3d6d6178dfb2d1bcad467fb3e7ec4a3d05a"],"state_sha256":"e8ed17c72fd131ed19ae372fa15bce6665d7b82fe0570c0bf13d5b65c83245d9"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"iq/jof47+DtBdn80Oe65NO2C8vg40qaHxDAcavqvIFlIkdyZNUoGabQ6FYMZhbT0RsVKYD1+6o9neEoU26ZnCg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-08T23:56:08.518079Z","bundle_sha256":"43cf1f3bc668e5c1767213653206dd4e37b7a9b6166168133800be453122a4ca"}}