{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:ZEGCSLS6MQRG252X4CU63QJKAE","short_pith_number":"pith:ZEGCSLS6","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2308.13688","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"econ.EM","submitted_at":"2023-08-25T22:04:20Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"ba7e65b55f6132fb63958b927b604a5858465c09953782de25a0ea6527b87317","abstract_canon_sha256":"1ecad118016a0e4abd79ff5d70d9308bf13429687c7458c43bfdbff827f77a9a"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"c90c292e5e64226d7757e0a9edc12a01379a921363099a5a8f8539fb8481f67b","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2308.13688","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2308.13688","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:45:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2308.13688v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:45:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2308.13688","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:45:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ZEGCSLS6MQRG","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:45:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ZEGCSLS6MQRG252X","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:45:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ZEGCSLS6","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:45:03Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:ZEGCSLS6MQRG252X4CU63QJKAE","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2308.13688","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"econ.EM","submitted_at":"2023-08-25T22:04:20Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"ba7e65b55f6132fb63958b927b604a5858465c09953782de25a0ea6527b87317","abstract_canon_sha256":"1ecad118016a0e4abd79ff5d70d9308bf13429687c7458c43bfdbff827f77a9a"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"c90c292e5e64226d7757e0a9edc12a01379a921363099a5a8f8539fb8481f67b","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T06:45:03.306008Z","signature_b64":"nzLjajp04b08l2Zxut1io0B9yPODkw9N0egCOQyYCRYiJDNwns6WJeVl+DOBwFHNz9P0r8AW9Qt/a+or7fzoDw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"c90c292e5e64226d7757e0a9edc12a01379a921363099a5a8f8539fb8481f67b","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T06:45:03.305566Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T06:45:03.305566Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2308.13688","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T06:45:03Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"3Z1T2wA5C7IZoZhCoya5Z/RUkCGxpfaPmC83svrPixAjZ4ZX7n3WC1+pbBCbsxHWNt8EFwWJmnnN0XOC+35ABw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-07T20:42:21.206214Z"},"content_sha256":"b93c13086020aa7cbd43805c4eba569e530725d9bc757a77961526432a8e2209","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b93c13086020aa7cbd43805c4eba569e530725d9bc757a77961526432a8e2209"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:ZEGCSLS6MQRG252X4CU63QJKAE","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Splash! Robustifying Donor Pools for Policy Studies","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"econ.EM","authors_text":"Jared Amani Greathouse, Jason Coupet, Mani Bayani","submitted_at":"2023-08-25T22:04:20Z","abstract_excerpt":"Policy researchers using synthetic control methods typically choose a donor pool in part by using policy domain expertise so the untreated units are most like the treated unit in the pre intervention period. This potentially leaves estimation open to biases, especially when researchers have many potential donors. We compare how functional principal component analysis synthetic control, forward-selection, and the original synthetic control method select donors. To do this, we use Gaussian Process simulations as well as policy case studies from West German Reunification, a hotel moratorium in Ba"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2308.13688","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2308.13688/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T06:45:03Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"5M4TQmBIFEhrkIN6JMq/O11u12OX2Ti7x94JGZ8eCgQ0IqgWsZ82UBkjaocBiolPHy2OAbvtE7N+TlAK93RtAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-07T20:42:21.206720Z"},"content_sha256":"2f5b741f08eeacfb03ee0e53201006fadc22f0b975edeaa6e27ec4635b4687a7","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:2f5b741f08eeacfb03ee0e53201006fadc22f0b975edeaa6e27ec4635b4687a7"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ZEGCSLS6MQRG252X4CU63QJKAE/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ZEGCSLS6MQRG252X4CU63QJKAE/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ZEGCSLS6MQRG252X4CU63QJKAE/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-07T20:42:21Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/ZEGCSLS6MQRG252X4CU63QJKAE","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/ZEGCSLS6MQRG252X4CU63QJKAE/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/ZEGCSLS6MQRG252X4CU63QJKAE/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ZEGCSLS6MQRG252X4CU63QJKAE/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:ZEGCSLS6MQRG252X4CU63QJKAE","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"1ecad118016a0e4abd79ff5d70d9308bf13429687c7458c43bfdbff827f77a9a","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"econ.EM","submitted_at":"2023-08-25T22:04:20Z","title_canon_sha256":"ba7e65b55f6132fb63958b927b604a5858465c09953782de25a0ea6527b87317"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2308.13688","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2308.13688","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:45:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2308.13688v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:45:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2308.13688","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:45:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ZEGCSLS6MQRG","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:45:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ZEGCSLS6MQRG252X","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:45:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ZEGCSLS6","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:45:03Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:2f5b741f08eeacfb03ee0e53201006fadc22f0b975edeaa6e27ec4635b4687a7","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:45:03Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2308.13688/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Policy researchers using synthetic control methods typically choose a donor pool in part by using policy domain expertise so the untreated units are most like the treated unit in the pre intervention period. This potentially leaves estimation open to biases, especially when researchers have many potential donors. We compare how functional principal component analysis synthetic control, forward-selection, and the original synthetic control method select donors. To do this, we use Gaussian Process simulations as well as policy case studies from West German Reunification, a hotel moratorium in Ba","authors_text":"Jared Amani Greathouse, Jason Coupet, Mani Bayani","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"econ.EM","submitted_at":"2023-08-25T22:04:20Z","title":"Splash! Robustifying Donor Pools for Policy Studies"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2308.13688","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:b93c13086020aa7cbd43805c4eba569e530725d9bc757a77961526432a8e2209","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:45:03Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"1ecad118016a0e4abd79ff5d70d9308bf13429687c7458c43bfdbff827f77a9a","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"econ.EM","submitted_at":"2023-08-25T22:04:20Z","title_canon_sha256":"ba7e65b55f6132fb63958b927b604a5858465c09953782de25a0ea6527b87317"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2308.13688","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"c90c292e5e64226d7757e0a9edc12a01379a921363099a5a8f8539fb8481f67b","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"c90c292e5e64226d7757e0a9edc12a01379a921363099a5a8f8539fb8481f67b","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T06:45:03.305566Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T06:45:03.305566Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"nzLjajp04b08l2Zxut1io0B9yPODkw9N0egCOQyYCRYiJDNwns6WJeVl+DOBwFHNz9P0r8AW9Qt/a+or7fzoDw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T06:45:03.306008Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2308.13688","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:b93c13086020aa7cbd43805c4eba569e530725d9bc757a77961526432a8e2209","sha256:2f5b741f08eeacfb03ee0e53201006fadc22f0b975edeaa6e27ec4635b4687a7"],"state_sha256":"10b04659f70f4a313e1c4c12659a98aed24b81be24bb1501fea926ed4d62dcec"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"V6tYr/fdvruEhIDBPp9j8mGPyLms1wZqZ/mLkhj/chC1ajk+j7HvXoKq5C7DUll80qdvmpAjonG0HJiH8MVwBQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-07T20:42:21.210980Z","bundle_sha256":"94a1ce87756ec296356950e5b56faf51eafaaec563c4b7f69bf9e45ec70fdead"}}