{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:ZFI6AH67QUPXMDGP5MYJQEXDG7","short_pith_number":"pith:ZFI6AH67","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2502.12025","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2025-02-17T16:57:56Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CL"],"title_canon_sha256":"a14724af253a7304a6dca4b59d334401366ac39870e23f00e873451a562d2b4c","abstract_canon_sha256":"96ef75813bb00abd150cc44a7f8803783c7ef3cfd3046b003e0262cf32f00dde"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"c951e01fdf851f760ccfeb309812e337c73ab93f4b5a68b3f10104f8fd0de1fb","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2502.12025","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2502.12025","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:15:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2502.12025v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:15:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2502.12025","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:15:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ZFI6AH67QUPX","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:15:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ZFI6AH67QUPXMDGP","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:15:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ZFI6AH67","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:15:37Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:ZFI6AH67QUPXMDGP5MYJQEXDG7","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2502.12025","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2025-02-17T16:57:56Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CL"],"title_canon_sha256":"a14724af253a7304a6dca4b59d334401366ac39870e23f00e873451a562d2b4c","abstract_canon_sha256":"96ef75813bb00abd150cc44a7f8803783c7ef3cfd3046b003e0262cf32f00dde"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"c951e01fdf851f760ccfeb309812e337c73ab93f4b5a68b3f10104f8fd0de1fb","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T10:15:37.540444Z","signature_b64":"376oI1M4XpNbw/MVZCFC9bhunq6FBmQq7xJkh950CHIi5fyaDti0XcFtq6bzhN0ZzGuxtfMo3UhBHbt0+flWAg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"c951e01fdf851f760ccfeb309812e337c73ab93f4b5a68b3f10104f8fd0de1fb","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T10:15:37.539870Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T10:15:37.539870Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2502.12025","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T10:15:37Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"vXYFp9PG9ZmjNnuK27rZdRQTRctlxdajld8fYIg7MBpkbtwJbMV84WIH6Oq0RxFgols/L5tIe4lncJfbci/xBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T08:17:19.302334Z"},"content_sha256":"df3e223ee88d2a29cca5694202f98ccab1411eb4d4bbff0a31e1dcdcca4ecda9","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:df3e223ee88d2a29cca5694202f98ccab1411eb4d4bbff0a31e1dcdcca4ecda9"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:ZFI6AH67QUPXMDGP5MYJQEXDG7","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"SafeChain: Safety of Language Models with Long Chain-of-Thought Reasoning Capabilities","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.CL"],"primary_cat":"cs.AI","authors_text":"Bill Yuchen Lin, Bo Li, Fengqing Jiang, Luyao Niu, Radha Poovendran, Yuetai Li, Zhangchen Xu, Zhen Xiang","submitted_at":"2025-02-17T16:57:56Z","abstract_excerpt":"Emerging large reasoning models (LRMs), such as DeepSeek-R1 models, leverage long chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning to generate structured intermediate steps, enhancing their reasoning capabilities. However, long CoT does not inherently guarantee safe outputs, potentially leading to harmful consequences such as the introduction of security vulnerabilities in code or the spread of misinformation. Current research on large language model (LLM) safety usually focuses on short-answer responses, overlooking the long CoT style outputs of LRMs. To bridge this gap, we conduct a systematic study of LRM "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2502.12025","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2502.12025/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T10:15:37Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"nij1taAMoC1yHP4om6gLW9ykFCY/jpwewSDqFGRQftr0EBBdMhxtLiT38x2vAsMhSqyGs96HjXPNRj3WVsUVAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T08:17:19.302842Z"},"content_sha256":"c8cd38ec2f24d877fd437eb8cf3c6eaa84358c95295f2f4da64c54c95ed7d69e","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:c8cd38ec2f24d877fd437eb8cf3c6eaa84358c95295f2f4da64c54c95ed7d69e"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ZFI6AH67QUPXMDGP5MYJQEXDG7/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ZFI6AH67QUPXMDGP5MYJQEXDG7/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ZFI6AH67QUPXMDGP5MYJQEXDG7/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-05T08:17:19Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/ZFI6AH67QUPXMDGP5MYJQEXDG7","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/ZFI6AH67QUPXMDGP5MYJQEXDG7/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/ZFI6AH67QUPXMDGP5MYJQEXDG7/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ZFI6AH67QUPXMDGP5MYJQEXDG7/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:ZFI6AH67QUPXMDGP5MYJQEXDG7","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"96ef75813bb00abd150cc44a7f8803783c7ef3cfd3046b003e0262cf32f00dde","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CL"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2025-02-17T16:57:56Z","title_canon_sha256":"a14724af253a7304a6dca4b59d334401366ac39870e23f00e873451a562d2b4c"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2502.12025","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2502.12025","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:15:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2502.12025v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:15:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2502.12025","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:15:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ZFI6AH67QUPX","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:15:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ZFI6AH67QUPXMDGP","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:15:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ZFI6AH67","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:15:37Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:c8cd38ec2f24d877fd437eb8cf3c6eaa84358c95295f2f4da64c54c95ed7d69e","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:15:37Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2502.12025/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Emerging large reasoning models (LRMs), such as DeepSeek-R1 models, leverage long chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning to generate structured intermediate steps, enhancing their reasoning capabilities. However, long CoT does not inherently guarantee safe outputs, potentially leading to harmful consequences such as the introduction of security vulnerabilities in code or the spread of misinformation. Current research on large language model (LLM) safety usually focuses on short-answer responses, overlooking the long CoT style outputs of LRMs. To bridge this gap, we conduct a systematic study of LRM ","authors_text":"Bill Yuchen Lin, Bo Li, Fengqing Jiang, Luyao Niu, Radha Poovendran, Yuetai Li, Zhangchen Xu, Zhen Xiang","cross_cats":["cs.CL"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2025-02-17T16:57:56Z","title":"SafeChain: Safety of Language Models with Long Chain-of-Thought Reasoning Capabilities"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2502.12025","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:df3e223ee88d2a29cca5694202f98ccab1411eb4d4bbff0a31e1dcdcca4ecda9","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:15:37Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"96ef75813bb00abd150cc44a7f8803783c7ef3cfd3046b003e0262cf32f00dde","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CL"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2025-02-17T16:57:56Z","title_canon_sha256":"a14724af253a7304a6dca4b59d334401366ac39870e23f00e873451a562d2b4c"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2502.12025","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"c951e01fdf851f760ccfeb309812e337c73ab93f4b5a68b3f10104f8fd0de1fb","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"c951e01fdf851f760ccfeb309812e337c73ab93f4b5a68b3f10104f8fd0de1fb","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T10:15:37.539870Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T10:15:37.539870Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"376oI1M4XpNbw/MVZCFC9bhunq6FBmQq7xJkh950CHIi5fyaDti0XcFtq6bzhN0ZzGuxtfMo3UhBHbt0+flWAg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T10:15:37.540444Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2502.12025","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:df3e223ee88d2a29cca5694202f98ccab1411eb4d4bbff0a31e1dcdcca4ecda9","sha256:c8cd38ec2f24d877fd437eb8cf3c6eaa84358c95295f2f4da64c54c95ed7d69e"],"state_sha256":"db800ad211e2a4db33b13b983d88051f10a0e2987ab19937f8c46b3d024b653b"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"jeRcCIGZAkA26lcug3PtCZrG5nV5RgGJmcH0PRA/Ozy06sHmJ01iYXIYKxJz1KR7X6nP33f+SsNW/f9zpTovAg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T08:17:19.306575Z","bundle_sha256":"53a84197f61aabf9d9e5e62cec01f358afbc85f60703b38601164afc522b4787"}}